含潜入喷管发动机尾部流场冷流模拟

为了揭示含潜入喷管的固体火箭发动机尾部流动特征,按照几何相近和气动相似原则设计了通道为矩形的二维冷流实验模型,利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（ＰＤＰＡ）对燃烧室尾部气流的时均速度和湍流脉动速度进行了测量。实验结果表明气流在潜入喷管入口上发生分离,再附点位于喷管前端部外侧,背部空腔内形成一个较为稳定的回流区,流场的轴向和横向湍流强度都比较大。     

铝镁贫氧推进剂的热分解特性

采用ＤＳＣ、ＤＴＡ、ＴＧ和ＤＴＧ等热分析方法,研究了ＡＰ,ＫＰ,ＡＰ／ＫＰ混合氧化剂、ＡＰ／ＫＰ／ＨＴＰＢ模拟推进剂以及铝镁贫氧推进剂的热分解特性。研究发现,ＡＰ／ＫＰ混合氧化剂的热分解特性由两种氧化剂的热分解特性叠加而成,但ＡＰ的存在使ＫＰ热分解反应提前;贫氧推进剂的热分解过程由ＡＰ和ＫＰ的热分解、粘合剂的热分解等过程组成。     

复合固体推进剂燃速标准物质均匀性研究

采用声发射燃速测试方法研究了复合固体推进剂方坯燃速的均匀性。叙述了这种复合体系固有的非均匀特征,用改进工艺解决了这个问题,研制出了均匀性合格的复合固体推进剂燃速标准物质。     

Service life prediction of AP/Al/HTPB solid rocket propellant with consideration of softening aging behavior

The aging behavior of softening composite solid propellant was investigated by measuring its mechanical and ballistic prosperities during prolonged storage at elevated and room temperatures. Accelerated aging was conducted at 65 °C for 231 days while the normal aging was performed at 25 ± 3 °C and relative humidity less than 50% for 8 years. The mechanical properties were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests for the aged propellant specimens while the ballistic properties were determined from static firing tests of subscale motors aged for 112 days at 65 °C. The mechanical results show that the maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus initially increase and subsequently decrease with increasing aging time, while the maximum tensile strain generally increases with increasing aging time. The ballistic properties like burning rate show a small change which cannot affect the ballistic performance. The experimental results show that the changes in the mechanical properties are significant during the aging period, but the burning rate does not undergo significant changes. From this study, it is observed that the propellant ages through a combination of reactions like post-cure, oxidative cross-linking, chain scission, and hydrolysis. The chain scission and the hydrolysis effect are the most significant process, which makes the propellant soft and extendible. The observed aging mechanism has been modeled using an exponential function with two terms which can describe the complex behavior of the aging. By applying Arrhenius equation,the activation energy values were obtained based on the propellant mechanical properties. The shelf life of this propellant formulation at 25 °C is predicted to be 13 years using the modulus as failure criteria and control parameter.     

液压传动系统综合污染分析与控制方法研究

详细分析了工作油液中的固体颗粒、水、气、氯污染物的特征及其对系统的影响.通过多年污染控制实践,以及在汲取国内外先进的污染控制技术的基础上,阐述了各种污染物的控制方法及测试技术,提出了全面污染控制的设想.     

利用辅助圆锥面法图解与计算回转体表面上的等倾曲线

本文基于曲面相交理论，依据辅助圆锥面和辅助平面与已回转面相交的三面共点原理，给出了图解回转体表面上等倾曲线的原理与方法，同时还给出了适合于微机求解等倾曲线上点的坐标的数值计算公式。     

Numerical investigation on cavity structure of solid-fuel scramjet combustor

The influences of miscellaneous combustor structures for solid fuel scramjet combustion on the performance are investigated, including a detailed interaction analysis between shocks/waves and combustion. Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene is chosen as the solid fuel with the non-premixed equilibrium probability density function combustion model. The results show combustion enhancement when structure of combustor is modified. The radical emphasis is to examine the sensitivity of the properties due to variations on the length-to-depth ratio of cavity, aft wall angle, and offset ratio. It is noted that there is an appropriate structure of cavity (L/D=4, θ=45°, and D_d/D_u=1.25–1.5) regarding the combustion efficiency, total pressure loss and specific impulse. The observation of function for combustor components provides instructional insight into the design considerations for a combustor of a solid-fuel scramjet.     

Infrared radiation signature of exhaust plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics

The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term.     

X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detector development for future space instrumentation

An overview of the material developments currently being pursued by the European Space Agency (ESA) with respect to X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detection media is given. The benefits underlying the selection of specific materials are discussed. In the X-ray regime the basic microphysics behind degraded spectral performance caused by the polarization effect and Te inclusions, have been investigated. We have found that both effects degrade the spectra by producing a localised distortion of the electric field. The underlying cause for the distortion does however differ. For the γ-ray regime, a low-noise equivalent scintillator to LaBr₃ has been developed in the form of CeBr₃. Three inch crystals with a FWHM energy resolution of 4.4% at 662 keV have successfully been produced. For neutron detection, a boron compound based solid state neutron detector has been developed that is sensitive to neutrons, alpha particles and 60 keV X-rays. The measured detection efficiency in detection for thermal neutrons was found to be in the order of a few per cent.     

立式捏合机搅拌桨的设计

介绍了立式捏合机搅拌桨的设计方法和几何参数的计算方法;推导了两搅拌桨螺旋升角的关系式,根据捏合原理,建立了搅拌桨水平截面曲线的数学模型。