双级高压涡轮气动性能试验状态模化方法

针对双级高压气冷涡轮的低温试验状态模化方法，对以空气为工质、基于不同相似准则数的试验模化状态的流场相似 性进行数值仿真。结果表明：对于有冷气试验模化方法，采用出口马赫数与设计状态一致的模化方法可获得相似性较好的试验状 态流场，此时反力度、载荷系数、马赫数均能保证良好的相似性，主要相似准则数偏差不超过5%；对于无冷气试验模化方法，保持 涡轮几何不变并增大膨胀比使得等熵速比与设计状态的一致，或通过改变叶片数保证各排出口马赫数与设计状态的一致，均能显 著改善无冷气模化状态与设计状态的流场相似性。其中前者反力度相似性接近98%，而后者载荷系数和马赫数的相似性达到了 同样水平，但破坏了模型的几何相似。     

Viability of barley seeds after long-term exposure to outer side of international space station

Barley seeds were exposed to outer space for 13 months in a vented metal container without a climate control system to assess the risk of physiological and genetic mutation during long-term storage in space. The space-stored seeds (S0 generation), with an 82% germination rate in 50 seeds, lost about 20% of their weight after the exposure. The germinated seeds showed normal growth, heading, and ripening. The harvested seeds (S1 generation) also germinated and reproduced (S2 generation) as did the ground-stored seeds. The culm length, ear length, number of seed, grain weight, and fertility of the plants from the space-stored seeds were not significantly different from those of the ground-stored seeds in each of the S0 and S1 generation. Furthermore, the S1 and S2 space-stored seeds respectively showed similar β-glucan content to those of the ground-stored seeds. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 16 primer combinations showed no specific fragment that appears or disappears significantly in the DNA isolated from the barley grown from the space-stored seeds. Though these data are derived from nine S0 space-stored seeds in a single exposure experiment, the results demonstrate the preservation of barley seeds in outer space for 13 months without phenotypic or genotypic changes and with healthy and vigorous growth in space.     

Estimation of Galactic Cosmic Ray exposure inside and outside the Earth’s magnetosphere during the recent solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24

The evidently low solar activity observed between solar cycles 23 and 24 during the years 2008–2010 led to a substantial increase in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity in comparison with preceding solar minima. As the GCRs consist of highly-ionizing charged particles having the potential to cause biological damage, they are a subject of concern for manned missions to space. With the enhanced particle fluxes observed between 2008 and 2010, it is reasonable to assume that the radiation exposure from GCR must have also increased to unusually high levels. In this paper, the GCR exposure outside and inside the Earth’s magnetosphere is numerically calculated for time periods starting from 1970 to the end of 2011 in order to investigate the increase in dose levels during the years 2008–2010 in comparison with the last three solar minima. The dose rates were calculated in a water sphere, used as a surrogate for the human body, either unshielded or surrounded by aluminium shielding of 0.3, 10 or 40 g/cm².     

非定常风洞洞壁干扰研究

在1m口径圆形截面低速风洞中用一组大小不同外形相似的前缘后掠角为70°的三角翼模型,测量了模型作俯仰运动时的上表面的动态压力分布,研究了洞壁对模型表面动态压力分布的影响.在3m×2.5m矩形截面低速风洞中,用另一组外形相似的前缘后掠角为70°的三角翼模型进行非定常测力试验,并测定了洞壁上有限测压点的动态压力,研究了模型大小对非定常壁压的影响和洞壁对模型非定常法向力系数的影响,并用混合法对大模型的非定常法向力进行了洞壁干扰修正,大模型的法向力系数修正结果与小模型的法向力系数基本一致.     

宇宙膨胀动因的另类物理解释

利用磁流体力学的基本概念，试图对宇宙膨胀——总星系扩张的动因，提出另类物理解释如下：磁压是导致磁力线疏散的一种斥力。由于宇宙磁场是冻凝场，故当磁力线在空问疏散时，必将带着与之冻结的宇宙物质一起在空问疏散；从而使宇宙物质的密度减少，各星彼此远离。因此可以认为，磁压是宇宙膨胀的主要动因。并就有关问题进行了讨论。     

某型飞行器全静压检测系统的设计实现

提出了以8031单片机为控制核心、基于振动筒式压力传感器的飞行器全静压自动检测系统的应用设计,论述了系统的构成和工作原理,对系统硬件电路和软件流程设计作了说明,给出了编程示例。系统设计的实现提高了飞行器全静压检测系统的自动化程度,具有检测速度快、精度高、判读直观,可靠性高和操作简单的特点,在实际测试中运行良好,性能稳定,具有良好的应用前景。     

驻涡火焰稳定器冷态流场特性的初步研究

1995年由美国代顿(Dayton)大学Hsu教授等提出的用驻涡稳定火焰是一种新型、高效、适应高性能发动机发展的火焰稳定技术。研究在借鉴国外研究成果的基础上,采用数值和实验两种手段开展了驻涡火焰稳定器流场特性,包括驻涡和压力特性的研究。研究结果表明:在本研究范围内(Da/Df=0.5～0.8)的每一个Da/Df,都对应于一个最佳的H/Df(0.2～2.0),空腔中的驻涡稳定,符合火焰稳定和燃料引入的要求,压力损失也最小。研究成果初步确定了驻涡火焰稳定器的基本结构参数,为开展热态研究打下基础。     

TRANSONIC WALL IN TERFERENCE CORRECTIONS FOR CIVIL AIRCRAFT MODEL TESTS

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再人飞行器脉动压力环境的分析与预测

本文分析了机动再入飞行器因非定常空气动力流动引起的物面脉动压力环境,并根据高超声速无粘流计算的表面压力分布,给出了一套预测各种脉动压力环境统计特性的工程计算公式。算例表明,预测的均方根脉动压力、功率谱密度和交叉功率谱密度与实验值是一致的。     

飞机液压系统压力脉冲试验波形控制

 介绍了一种用于航空液压系统管路与元件压力脉冲试验的设备,建立了试验系统的压力瞬态模型,分析了影响脉冲波形的因素,给出了梯形波和水锤波的控制方法。对于梯形波可采用实际波形跟踪理想输入波形的闭环控制方式,对于水锤波则需要利用水锤现象,并自动调节比例节流阀来控制波形的峰值、斜率等特征参数,以满足规范要求。论文给出了仿真和试验结果。