孔壁通透率对平面附壁射流的影响

本文研究了不同壁面通透率对平面附壁射流动态特性的影响。实验结果表明孔壁减弱、甚至消除了流场中的低频摆动现象。随着孔壁通透率的增加,射流时均附壁点向下游逐渐移动,射流和壁面之间的回流区长度逐渐增大,而射流内侧剪切层内的涡旋与壁面之间的相互作用减小,壁面压强脉动强度变小,附壁射流的动态特性逐渐向自由射流转化。当孔壁通透率为40％左右时,射流与二维平面自由射流类似。距离射流出口不同位置上的壁面脉动压强之间的互谱表明,当孔壁通透率增大以后,射流内侧剪切层中的旋涡向下游传播距离变得更长,传播速度加快,这说明低孔壁通透率情况下的附壁射流中存在的低频摆动现象阻碍了剪切层高频旋涡向下游的发展。     

压力对航空煤油RP-3结焦的影响

实验研究航空煤油RP-3在流动状态下的结焦分布情况,并分析了压力对于氧化结焦的影响.实验中采用恒定热流的方式将流经长2 m的单通道不锈钢管(Ф2.2×0.2,1Cr18N i9Ti)中的航空煤油由127℃加热到427℃,质量流量4 g/s,并利用"称重法"获得RP-3结焦数据.通过改变系统压力3,4,5,6,7MPa,研究了压力对RP-3壁面结焦速率的影响规律.实验结果表明,压力的提高,对管壁的结焦有一定的抑制作用,结焦峰值位置也有沿实验段往下游移动的趋势,不同压力情况下的管壁结焦速率分布曲线的形状大致相当.     

环境压力、参数相关性对PDE性能的影响研究

以非稳态方式工作的脉冲爆震发动机（PDE）,环境压力、参数之间的强相关性对其性能影响很大。计算结果表明：对于直管PDE,随着环境压力的减小,比冲单调增加,而推力是先减小后增加：直管PDE加装锥形扩张喷管后．低环境压力下可使比冲和推力增加．但高环境压力下会使PDE性能显著恶化。经数学推导发现。参数之间的强相关性为PDE的高性能做出了贡献。     

模型燃烧室内不稳定燃烧发展过程的数值分析

为了对自燃推进剂燃烧室内出现的不稳定燃烧现象进行详细分析,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法对该燃烧室内的气液两相非稳态燃烧过程进行了数值模拟,计算得到的压力振荡幅值和频谱特性与实验结果吻合较好,在此基础上对不同燃烧阶段内的压力和释热变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:在压力振荡幅值超过10%的不稳定燃烧阶段,压力振荡主频为9 200 Hz,燃烧室内横向压力分布与1阶切向振型一致,仿真中再现了1阶切向自激高频不稳定燃烧的产生及发展过程;稳定燃烧向不稳定燃烧转变早期,压力振荡从部分燃烧释热波动中获得能量,压力振荡幅值缓慢增长;随着燃烧进行,燃烧释热波动与压力振荡之间相位和频谱特性逐渐趋于一致,压力振荡幅值开始急剧增大;当二者完全耦合时,燃烧室内压力振荡幅值达到极限饱和状态,此时压力振荡幅值超过了平均室压的200%。      

Verification of shielding effect by the water-filled materials for space radiation in the International Space Station using passive dosimeters

The dose reduction effects for space radiation by installation of water shielding material (“protective curtain”) of a stack board consisting of the hygienic wipes and towels have been experimentally evaluated in the International Space Station by using passive dosimeters. The averaged water thickness of the protective curtain was 6.3 g/cm². The passive dosimeters consisted of a combination of thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) and plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs). Totally 12 passive dosimeter packages were installed in the Russian Service Module during late 2010. Half of the packages were located at the protective curtain surface and the other half were at the crew cabin wall behind or aside the protective curtain. The mean absorbed dose and dose equivalent rates are measured to be 327 μGy/day and 821 μSv/day for the unprotected packages and 224 μGy/day and 575 μSv/day for the protected packages, respectively. The observed dose reduction rate with protective curtain was found to be 37 ± 7% in dose equivalent, which was consistent with the calculation in the spherical water phantom by PHITS. The contributions due to low and high LET particles were found to be comparable in observed dose reduction rate. The protective curtain would be effective shielding material for not only trapped particles (several 10 MeV) but also for low energy galactic cosmic rays (several 100 MeV/n). The properly utilized protective curtain will effectively reduce the radiation dose for crew living in space station and prolong long-term mission in the future.     

亚声速武器舱空腔流动压力特性及其控制方法

在高速风洞中对某武器舱舱门打开状态下,舱内的静压分布和脉动压力特性进行了试验,并对空腔前缘多孔扰流板和前缘吹气两种流动控制方法分别进行了变参数研究。试验马赫数为0.75,武器舱长度为300 mm,长深比为3,宽深比为1。试验结果表明该武器舱基本构型顶部沿着流向的压力分布比较均匀,脉动压力监测点的频谱特性表现出明显的模态特征,为开式空腔流动类型,而且在所研究的范围内受飞机迎角变化的影响很小。在典型的飞机迎角下,前缘多孔扰流板流动控制方法可以很好地改善武器舱内部流场的稳态特性并降低舱内的脉动压力;多孔扰流板的安装高度、展向宽度为流动控制效果的主要影响参数;在所研究的参数范围内,综合考虑多孔扰流板对脉动压力宽频和单频特性的控制效果,高安装高度、短展向宽度的参数组合形式最优,并且在飞机常用的迎角范围内具有较好的流动控制效果。在典型的飞机迎角下,前缘吹气流动控制方法也可以很好地改善武器舱内部流场的稳态特性并降低舱内的脉动压力;吹气位置、吹气流量为流动控制效果的主要影响参数;在所研究的参数范围内,综合考虑前缘吹气对脉动压力宽频和单频特性的控制效果,大的吹气流量、短的展向宽度的参数组合形式最优,并且在飞机常用的迎角范围内具有较好的流动控制效果。     

Changes in total electron content (TEC) during the annular solar eclipse of 15 January 2010

The solar eclipse of 15 January 2010 was an annular eclipse of the Sun with a maximum magnitude of 0.96 at 1.62°N, 69.29°E. To study the effect of this solar eclipse on the ionosphere the GPS data recorded at three different Indian stations Varanasi (Geographic latitude 25°, 16′N, longitude 82°, 59′E), Hyderabad (Geographic latitude 17°, 20′N, longitude 78°, 30′E) and Bengaluru (Geographic latitude 12°, 58′N, longitude 77°, 33′E) have been used to retrieve ionospheric total electron content (TEC). The ionospheric response to this rare event has been studied in terms of GPS-derived TEC observed at all the three Indian stations. A significant reduction in TEC reflected by all PRNs at all the three stations has been observed. The magnitude of the reduction in VTEC compared to quiet mean VTEC depends on latitude as well as longitude. The amount of reduction observed from different satellites (PRN) is different and depends on the location of the satellite from the solar eclipse path.     

An overview of RADOM results for earth and moon radiation environment on Chandrayaan-1 satellite

The RADiatiOn Monitor (RADOM) is a miniature dosimeter-spectrometer that flew onboard the Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission in order to monitor the local radiation environment. Primary objective of the RADOM experiment was to measure the total absorbed dose, flux of surrounding energetic particles and spectrum of the deposited energy from high energy particles both en-route and in lunar orbit. RADOM was the first experiment to be switched on after the launch of Chandrayaan-1 and was operational until the end of the mission. This paper summarizes the observations carried out by RADOM during the entire life time (22 October 2008–31 August 2009) of the Chandrayaan-1 mission and compares the measurement by RADOM with the radiation belt models such as AP-8, AE-8 and CRRESS.     

轴对称分开排气喷管改混合排气喷管设计方法

为将涡扇发动机轴对称分开排气喷管改型设计为混合排气喷管以获取混合推力增益且改变其红外辐射(IR)特征,提出了一套基于CFD数值计算评估的轴对称分开排气喷管改型设计方法。研究结果包括:①提出了内、外涵气流不同程度掺混时推力的估算方法,估算值与真实值的误差在所研究参数范围内不超过0.005;②分析了内、外涵气流掺混对改型设计的影响,喷管外涵气流与内涵气流的总压比在0.8~1.5之间且掺混度大于0.1时混合排气最有可能产生推力增益,且掺混越好,增益越高;③轴对称分开排气喷管改型设计为带环形混合器的混合排气喷管后,推力系数增加0.0087~0.0126,而采用波瓣混合器时喷管的推力系数则增加0.0289;④相比于分开排气,混合排气喷管在0°~15°方向上的红外辐射强度有所增加,但在其他所有方位角上均大幅下降,最大降幅为77.5%。      

Sailing at the brink – The no-limits of near-/now-term-technology solar sails and SEP spacecraft in (multiple) NEO rendezvous

Near-Earth object (NEO) in-situ exploration can provide invaluable information for science, possible future deflection actions and resource utilisation. This is only possible with space missions which approach the asteroid from its vicinity, i.e. rendezvous. This paper explores the use of solar sailing as means of propulsion for NEO rendezvous missions. Given the current state of sail technology, we search for multiple rendezvous missions of up to ten years and characteristic acceleration of up to 0.10 mm/s². Using a tree-search technique and subsequent trajectory optimisation, we find numerous options of up to three NEO encounters in the launch window 2019–2027. In addition, we explore steerable and throttleable low-thrust (e.g. solar-electric) rendezvous to a particular group of NEOs, the Taurid swarm. We show that an acceleration of 0.23 mm/s² would suffice for a rendezvous in approximately 2000 days, while shorter transfers are available as the acceleration increases. Finally, we show low-thrust options (0.3 mm/s²) to the fictitious asteroid 2019 PDC, as part of an asteroid deflection exercise.