相变服装对人体动态热感觉影响模型

为了探讨加入相变微胶囊后服装的热舒适性,发展了一个着相变服装的人体动态热感觉评价系统.该系统由改进的25节点人体热调节模型,含相变微胶囊的服装动态热、湿传递模型和人体动态热感觉评价模型组成.通过人体-相变服装-环境系统的运行模拟环境和服装对人体热响应的影响,将人体的热响应作为动态热感觉评价模型的输入来预测人体的热感觉.模型预测与实验数据进行了比较,具有满意的精度.预测和比较不同相变材料含量的服装穿着动态热感觉特性,结论表明:在合适的范围内,含相变微胶囊较多的服装具有更好的热感觉和舒适性.     

先进航空材料和复杂构件的焊接技术

概述了一航材料院在十五期间对先进航空材料和复杂构件的焊接技术研究的主要结果与进展,其中包括已经获得实际应用的焊接技术以及相关有价值的探索性研究结果.     

层状固体结构表面性质的非线性兰姆波定征方法

提出用非线性兰姆波方法定征层状固体结构的表面性质,分析了层状固体结构表面性质变化对兰姆波二次谐波发生效应产生的影响。基于Ritec-SNAP系统建立了非线性兰姆波实验系统,当表面的覆层面积和覆层厚度发生变化时,在兰姆波具有强烈非线性效应的条件下,测量了兰姆波的基波及二次谐波的幅频曲线,结果显示表面性质的微小变化将显著地影响到兰姆波的二次谐波发生效率。借鉴声-超声技术中的应力波因子方法,定义了兰姆波应力波因子,实验结果表明,利用兰姆波二次谐波的应力波因子可对层状固体结构表面性质的变化情况进行准确定征。     

多相材料结构拓扑优化的周长控制方法研究

针对多相材料结构的拓扑优化出现的棋盘格问题,研究了周长约束控制方法。根据多相材料组分情况下结构有限单元密度变量的定义特点,拓展了周长约束的原始定义概念并提出了相应的4种周长控制约束新格式。以结构最大刚度优化设计问题为例,结合凸规划对偶求解方法验证了4种格式的有效性。计算结果表明:独立控制各类变量周长的方式能更有效地实现多相材料结构的拓扑优化设计,获得消除棋盘格和中间变量值的清晰结果。     

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish,quicker wear and tear of grinding tools,lower effi-ciency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding (UVG) which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper,experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude,diamond abrasive grit size,cutting depth,feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them,the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover,conven-tional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison,it was found that the UVG is superior to the con-ventional method in terms of the ground surface quality,the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.     

Effects of Different Molten-salt on the Synthesis of Hexagonal Barium Ferrite

Hexagonal-plate BaFe12O19 nano-particles were prepared by combining the co-precipitation and molten-salt method. The effects of molten-salt NaCl on the products have been compared with those of KCl. The X-ray diffraction analysis,the environment scanning electron microscopy and the vibrating sample magnetometer were used to measure their characteristics. The results show that the mol-ten-salt KCl is helpful to obtain pure phase while the molten-salt NaCl will prompt the crystallinity of particles to increase. It is also found that, given the molten-salt of NaCl and that of KCl of the same quantity, the particles formed are also the same size. The size of particles slightly increases as the quantity of the salt increases. Moreover, the sample prepared under 200% NaCl salt system has mag-netization of 71.5 emu/g.     

等离子体气动激励控制激波的实验研究

在机械式和气动式激波控制方法的基础上,提出了激波控制的等离子体气动激励方法。采用电弧放电等离子体气动激励方式,设计了电弧放电等离子体气动激励器,在小型暂冲式超声速风洞中开展了等离子体气动激励控制尖劈斜激波的实验研究。结果表明,等离子体气动激励能够有效控制激波。实验研究了磁场对激波控制效果的影响,结果表明施加磁场使得激波控制效果显著增强。从热效应机理角度出发,建立了等离子体气动激励控制激波的热阻塞模型,采用该理论模型预测的激波变化规律与实验结果一致,从而验证了热阻塞模型的合理性。由于等离子体气动激励方法具有响应迅速、控制灵活等优点,因此将成为激波控制领域一条新的有价值的技术途径。     

基于金属磁记忆技术的18CrNi4A钢缺口试件疲劳损伤模型

对18CrNi4A钢缺口试件进行了疲劳试验和磁记忆检测,研究了磁信号在疲劳过程中的变化规律,基于连续损伤力学理论,采用磁信号特征参量作为损伤参量,提出了一种新的18CrNi4A钢缺口试件疲劳损伤模型。结果表明,在稳定循环阶段,磁信号随疲劳循环周次增加无显著改变,疲劳裂纹萌生后,磁信号逐渐增加,并在断裂后发生激变。磁信号特征参量绝对值在疲劳过程中表现为三阶段变化特征,随疲劳损伤程度的加剧而逐渐增加。磁信号特征参量绝对值与应力水平存在强烈的相关性,应力水平越大,其值越大。疲劳损伤试验结果与基于磁信号特征参量的疲劳损伤模型显示的疲劳损伤演变规律符合较好。     

均匀磁场中高超声速弱电离气体流动数值模拟

采用7组元化学模型并应用组分公式计算电导率,通过求解黏性MHD(magneto-hydro-dy-namics)方程组,研究了不同强度均匀磁场对三维钝头体高超声速绕流化学非平衡流动的影响.结果表明,随着磁场的增强,激波脱体距离逐渐增加;总阻力系数和壁面温度逐渐减小.在B_y=0.03 T磁场作用下,与无磁场的结果相比,化学非平衡流中的激波脱体距离增加约7%,总阻力系数减小约5%,局部壁面温度最大降低74%;而冻结流中的激波脱体距离增加约43%,总阻力系数减小约6.9%,局部壁面温度最大降低18%.      

基于涡扇发动机的多电技术研究初步设想

介绍了涡扇多电发动机研究的特征和关键技术,在分析了国内外多电技术研究的基础上,提出了涡扇多电发动机总体方案初步设想和分布式控制系统关键技术研究、验证的发展思路。