基于伪光谱方法月球软着陆轨道快速优化设计

根据软着陆轨道的特征和优化算法的特点,对探月器软着陆轨道状态方程进行合理的转化处理,使其更适合优化数值解法求解。在此基础上,使用伪光谱方法将软着陆轨道优化问题转为一个约束参数优化问题,然后采用乘子法处理约束条件,采用变尺度法求解处理后的参数优化问题,仿真结果表明此方法具有收敛速度快、对初始控制量不敏感、鲁棒性强的优点。     

Relative ionizations in the nearest interstellar gas

We compare CLOUDY predictions for the equilibrium ionization in the interstellar cloud surrounding the solar system with pick-up ion data. The incident radiation field includes contributions from hot stars, the emission from the conductive cloud boundary and the diffuse FUV back-ground. To within the observational uncertainties, CLOUDY predictions for the ratios n(He)/n(O), n(N)/n(O), n(Ne)/n(O), and n(He)/n(Ne) are consistent with pick-up ion data, provided that O and N are filtered by 50% in the heliopause region and the outer heliosphere as predicted by others. Thus, the steady-state ionization model and assumed radiation field appear approximately valid. However, the youth and low intervening column density towards the Vela pulsar leave open the possibility that the parent supernova explosion 10,500 years ago, and 200 pc distant, may also have affected LISM ionization, although the mechanism is uncertain. Support for this last possibility is provided by the apparent signature of the Vela explosion in the terrestrial geological record.Abbreviations ISM Interstellar Medium - FUV Far Ultraviolet - EUV Extreme Ultraviolet - SNR SN remnant - SXRB SXR Background - LISM Local Interstellar Matter     

Nitric oxide density enhancements due to solar flares

A differential emission measure technique is used to determine flare spectra using solar observations from the soft X-ray instruments aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics and Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment satellites. We examine the effect of the solar flare soft X-ray energy input on the nitric oxide (NO) density in the lower thermosphere. The retrieved spectrum of the 28 October 2003 X18 flare is input to a photochemical thermospheric NO model to calculate the predicted flare NO enhancements. Model results are compared to Student Nitric Oxide Explorer Ultraviolet Spectrometer observations of this flare. We present results of this comparison and show that the model and data are in agreement. In addition, the NO density enhancements due to several flares are studied. We present results that show large solar flares can deposit the same amount of 0.1–2 and 0.1–7 nm energy to the thermosphere during a relatively short time as the Sun normally deposits in one day. The NO column density nearly doubles when the daily integrated energy above 5 J m⁻² is doubled.     

月球着陆器软着陆冲击仿真

为提高分析月球着陆器软着陆有效载荷着陆冲击响应的准确性,提出一种基于瞬态动力学的着陆器有效载荷软着陆冲击响应分析方法.根据着陆器全机结构柔性和月壤柔性对有效载荷着陆冲击响应的影响,参照某型着陆器,于MSC.PATRAN环境中建立着陆器全机柔性体模型及月壤柔性体模型,运用瞬态动力学仿真软件MSC.DYTRAN对着陆器软着陆有效载荷着陆冲击响应特性进行了仿真研究.仿真结果与试验结果具有一定的一致性.研究结果表明:使用该方法分析着陆器软着陆有效载荷的着陆冲击响应是准确有效的,能够比较逼真地模拟月球着陆器实际着陆工况.     

着陆小行星的滑模变结构控制

针对由于目标小行星的各种物理参数和运动信息不能精确获取而导致着陆小行星的动力学方程中存在不确定项这一问题，设计了一种基于滑模变结构的软着陆小行星的制导控制方案。在考虑安全软着陆约束条件下规划了标称着陆轨迹；通过滑模变结构控制方法设计制导控制律，实现对理想标称轨迹的鲁棒跟踪，从而保证成功着陆小行星；最后通过计算机仿真验证了方案的可行性。     

软硬件协同仿真在图像滤波器演化设计中的应用

针对传统图像滤波器设计方法存在的局限性,将演化硬件引入图像滤波器设计中,提出软硬件协同仿真的演化思想,并设计了基于System Generator的图像滤波器演化系统。通过图像滤波器演化实验验证了演化系统的有效性,实验结果及分析表明,最优演化滤波器在性能和实现代价方面均优于传统滤波器。与现有的图像滤波器演化方法相比,软硬件协同仿真的演化方法具有实现简单、运算能力强、功能灵活等优点。该系统的演化算法可综合成硬件,为后续实现在线自适应滤波奠定了基础。     

基于软计算的航电系统智能费用预测模型

在估计机载航电系统费用时,对数线性回归估算关系式存在许多问题。本文采用软计算技术构建智能预测模型,通过真实航电系统生产费用数据集的训练和预测,系统地研究了这些基于软计算的智能费用预测模型的性能。建模及测试结果表明,这些模型总体上在预测精度和模型鲁棒性等方面优于回归类模型。     

The local bubble

Recently, observations with the rosat PSPC instrument and the spectrometers onboard the euve satellite have given new detailed information on the structure and physical conditions of the Local Bubble. From the early rocket experiments, and in particular from the WISCONSIN Survey, the existence of a diffuse hot gas in the vicinity of the solar system, extending out to about 100 pc, has been inferred in order to explain the emission below 0.3 keV. The higher angular resolution and sensitivity of rosat made it possible to use diffuse neutral clouds as targets for shadowing the soft X-ray background. Thus, in some directions, more than half of the flux in the 0.25 keV band appears to come from outside the Local Bubble. Further, measurements of the diffuse EUV in the LISM, show surprisingly few emission lines. These findings are in conflict with the standard LHB model, which assumes a local hot (T 10⁶ K) plasma in CIE. Model calculations, based on the non-equilibrium cooling of an expanding plasma, show a promising way of reconciling all available observations. Thus the present temperature within the LB may be as low as 4 × 10⁴ K and its number density as large as 2 × 10^–2 cm ^–3, giving a total pressure that is roughly in agreement with the Local Cloud.Abbreviations CIE collisional ionization equilibrium - ISM Interstellar Medium - LHB Local Hot Bubble - LB Local Bubble - LISM Local ISM - SB superbubble - SXR soft X-ray - SXRB SXR Background - VLISM Very Local ISM Heisenberg Fellow     

无谐波软X射线单色仪设计

能量在0.1～1keV范围的软X射线辐射在空间科学任务中具有重要应用.飞行前的辐射定标试验及地面辐射定标系统采用传统单色仪分光时,由于波长的整数倍关系带来的高次谐波污染问题非常严重.高次谐波在光束中的占比严重影响了软X射线探测仪器的定标数据精度.本文探讨了无谐波单极衍射技术在产生具有高单色性能的软X射线光束中的应用,基于单极衍射光栅技术实现软X射线无谐波单色仪设计.软X射线无谐波单色仪应用于空间辐射定标系统时能够将高次谐波占比抑制到0.3%以下,满足空间软X射线科学仪器高精度辐射定标试验对高次谐波抑制的要求.     

Orbital maneuver strategy design based on piecewise linear optimization for spacecraft soft landing on irregular asteroids

Recently, asteroid exploration becomes an important branch of human’s deep space activities. In this paper, a piecewise linear optimal orbital maneuver strategy is designed for a spacecraft soft landing on irregular-shaped asteroids. First, the space around an irregular asteroid is converted into several grid units, and the gravitational field of the asteroid is linearly fitted in each unit.Then, the soft-landing orbital maneuver strategy design problem is formulated as a piecewise linear optima...