非线性调频信号参数估计算法

分析了非线性调频（NLFM）信号参数估计问题，提出了利用二次相位差分使相位降阶，使NLFM信号的参数估计转化为成熟的正弦波频率估计，而NLFM信号参数估计算法从三维搜索简化为三次一维搜索，既减少了计算复杂度，又有利于工程实现；另外从正弦波频率估计问题出发推导出对信号参数α3估计的最佳相关延迟量为2T/7,向时还考虑了延迟相关对信号信噪比的影响，发现一次延迟相关信号信噪比至少下降3dB，两次延迟相关至少下降7dB，而且信噪比越小，下降越多，因此该算法适用于高信噪比条件，仿真结果表明，该算法在较高的信噪比条件（RSN＞2dB)下具有较好的性能。     

实现方差自适应增强的递归滤波器法

介绍了用递归低通滤波器方法来实现图象的方差自适应增强。提出了以局部统计值为基础的自适应增强的数学表示式，以及采用递归低通滤波器实现的方法，并对速归滤波器的设计作了较详细的分析和说明。在运算过程中，考虑各种因素，对输出的影响，适当选择合适的参数以获得令人满意的效果。在ＭＯＤＥＬ７５图象系统上用上述算法实现图象增强，效果是明显的，使处理后的照片提高了局部对比度，细节更加清晰。     

浮点数与格雷二进制混合编码的遗传算法

本文提出了一种结合浮点数编码和格雷码编码的混合编码遗传算法。该算法有机结合了浮点数编码和格雷码编码的优点，不易陷入早熟收敛且局部搜索能力强，收敛速度快。本文对一系列典型函数进行了优化计算，试验结果证实了这种混合编码遗传算法的有效性和优越性能。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

A new hybrid aerodynamic optimization framework based on differential evolution and invasive weed optimization

Since many aerodynamic optimization problems in the area of aeronautics contain highly nonlinear objectives and multiple local optima, it is still a challenge for most of the traditional optimization methods to find the global optima. In this paper, a new hybrid optimization framework based on Differential Evolution and Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO_DE/Ring) is developed, which combines global and local search to improve the performance, where a Multiple-Output Gaussian Process (MOGP) is used as the surrogate model. We first use several test functions to verify the performance of the IWO_DE/Ring method, and then apply the optimization framework to a supercritical airfoil design problem. The convergence and the robustness of the proposed framework are compared against some other optimization methods. The IWO_DE/Ring-based approach provides much quicker and steadier convergence than the traditional methods. The results show that the stability of the dynamic optimization process is an important indication of the confidence in the obtained optimum, and the proposed optimization framework based on IWO_DE/Ring is a reliable and promising alternative for complex aeronautical optimization problems.     

基于一种匹配函数的ATS资源自动配置方法

提出采用匹配函数描述测试点与仪器端口的匹配程度,用来指导自动测试系统仪器选型和资源配置.匹配函数采用面向信号的方法构建,综合了测点信号属性与仪器性能参数、仪器可靠性、仪器成本、仪器操作复杂度等因素,使得仪器选型和资源配置策略的制定更符合工程需要.给出了资源配置策略和算法,并对资源配置进行了并行测试优化.通过给出一个典型实例,证明该方法能有效降低测试成本,增强系统可靠性,提高测试效率和吞吐量,并为自动测试系统硬件设计的自动化奠定了基础.      

航天器精确节能模糊脉冲调宽控制器的设计

为实现航天器精确、节能的姿态或轨道控制,提出一种采用脉冲宽度调制PWM(Pulse Width Modulation)与模糊比例微分PD(Proportional Differential)控制相结合的模糊PD-PWM控制器.其中PWM能将开关型控制转化为相应的精确线性控制,而模糊PD控制在能量消耗限制不同情况下可实现两种快速、节能的控制过程.在分析大气层外拦截器EKV(Extra-atmospheric Kill Vehicle)处于目标捕获和末制导阶段对姿控系统的不同性能要求的基础上,以EKV姿控系统为例介绍了模糊PD-PWM控制器的设计和优化过程.说明了模糊PD控制器隶属度函数的设计、待优化参数的选择以及模糊控制规则的设计,重点叙述了遗传算法GA(Genetic Algorithms)中适应度函数的设计方法,并对隶属度函数进行了优化.仿真结果证明优化后的控制器能满足EKV不同阶段姿态控制要求,具有精确、节能的特点.      

Open framework for objective evaluation of crater detection algorithms with first test-field subsystem based on MOLA data

Crater Detection Algorithms (CDAs) applications range from estimation of lunar/planetary surface age to autonomous landing on planets and asteroids and advanced statistical analyses. A large amount of work on CDAs has already been published. However, problems arise when evaluation results of some new CDA have to be compared with already published evaluation results. The problem is that different authors use different test-fields, different Ground-Truth (GT) catalogues, and even different methodologies for evaluation of their CDAs. Re-implementation of already published CDAs or its evaluation environment is a time-consuming and unpractical solution to this problem. In addition, implementation details are often insufficiently described in publications. As a result, there is a need in research community to develop a framework for objective evaluation of CDAs. A scientific question is how CDAs should be evaluated so that the results are easily and reliably comparable. In attempt to solve this issue we first analyzed previously published work on CDAs. In this paper, we propose a framework for solution of the problem of objective CDA evaluation. The framework includes: (1) a definition of the measure for differences between craters; (2) test-field topography based on the 1/64° MOLA data; (3) the GT catalogue wherein each of 17,582 craters is aligned with MOLA data and confirmed with catalogues by N.G. Barlow et al. and J.F. Rodionova et al.; (4) selection of methodology for training and testing; and (5) a Free-response Receiver Operating Characteristics (F-ROC) curves as a way to measure CDA performance. The handling of possible improvements of the framework in the future is additionally addressed as a part of discussion of results. Possible extensions with additional test-field subsystems based on visual images, data sets for other planets, evaluation methodologies for CDAs developed for different purposes than cataloguing of craters, are proposed as well. The goal of the proposed framework is to contribute to the research community by establishing guidelines for objective evaluation of CDAs.     

高超声速飞行器滑行航迹优化

针对高超声速飞行器滑行的密度模型、动力学模型、空气动力模型和作为输入的攻角,将弹道问题转化为最优控制问题,采用极大值原理求得航程最大的一阶必要条件,采用多次变区间的遗传算法、非线性单纯形法和邻近极值法的组合优化策略来求解此两点边值问题,首先用多次变区间的遗传算法和单纯形方法求得全局航程最大,然后用邻近极值法得到合适的初值满足所有终端约束,通过对一高超声速飞行器的算例进行了优化计算,得到了最优弹道和优化算法的收敛曲线,并与升阻比最大飞行方案进行比较可知,最优控制方案求得的航程大于升阻比最大飞行方案的航程.      

信号特征选择的一种优化算法

简单介绍了基于扩张理论和粗集理论的优化算法、“贪心算法”和启发式搜索算法等典型特征选择的优化算法,并比较它们的性能,在此基础上选择启发式搜索算法用于信号特征的选择。最后用MATLAB编程验证了启发式搜索算法特征选择的有效性。