Influence of processing and external storage conditions on the performance of envelope materials for stratospheric airships

Envelope materials are extremely vital for stratospheric airships, which are widely used in numerous applications. The influence of processing as well as the storage and utilization conditions on the performance of envelope materials has been studied systematically for the first time. Results show that the performance of envelope materials depends largely on the hot-pressing temperature and the flexing during processing. The tensile strength of samples dropped to 289.1 ± 8.0 MPa from 346.6 ± 9.3 MPa when pressed at temperature above 180 °C and helium leakage appeared. The outer layers would be worn off when flexed no matter by manual or machine, resulting in dramatic increase of helium permeability and even leakage as well as varying decrease of mechanical properties. Hence, suitable hot-pressing temperature and limitation of flexing as little as possible during processing are essential to obtain products with suitable properties. Besides, the storage and utilization conditions are also critical to the properties of envelope materials. Both naturally aged samples in outdoor storage on ground and samples recovered from actual flight on stratospheric airship exhibited reduced mechanical properties and even helium leakage due to excess solar irradiation, ozone concentration and energetic particles interaction compared with those stored indoors. The weatherability of envelope materials should be further strengthened in the next few years. This research could provide a theoretical guidance for actual practice.     

DOA estimation for attitude determination on communication satellites

In order to determine an appropriate attitude of three-axis stabilized communication satellites, this paper describes a novel attitude determination method using direction of arrival （DOA） estimation of a ground signal source. It differs from optical measurement, magnetic field measurement, inertial measurement, and global positioning system （GPS） attitude determination. The proposed method is characterized by taking the ground signal source as the attitude reference and acquiring attitude information from DOA estimation. Firstly, an attitude measurement equation with DOA estimation is derived in detail. Then, the error of the measurement equation is analyzed. Finally, an attitude determination algorithm is presented using a dynamic model, the attitude measurement equation, and measurement errors. A developing low Earth orbit （LEO） satellite which tests mobile communication technology with smart antennas can be stabilized in three axes by corporately using a magnetometer, reaction wheels, and three-axis magnetorquer rods. Based on the communication satellite, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The method could be a backup of attitude determination to prevent a system failure on the satellite. Its precision depends on the number of snapshots and the input signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） with DOA estimation.     

星载柔性复合材料壳面可展开天线研究进展

柔性复合材料壳面可在一定曲率半径范围内弹性弯曲收纳,展开后具有一定的自支撑能力,可为星载可展开天线研制提供新型解决途径.随着高应变薄壁碳纤维复合材料结构的发展,关于柔性壳面可展开天线的应用研究日益增多.综述了几类典型柔性壳面可展开天线反射面实现形式,分析了影响柔性壳面可展开天线发展的关键技术,为该类型天线反射面的研制提...     

Stratobus平流层飞艇项目研究进展与仿真分析

平流层飞艇是当前的前沿热点研究方向,创新性强、技术挑战大。针对国外公开在研的大型超长航时平流层飞艇项目Stratobus,首先对基本方案进行总结分析,梳理总体研究进展,然后归纳剖析囊体材料、太阳电池、可再生氢氧燃料电池、吊舱移动系统等核心关键技术方案和研究进展,在此基础上,通过数值仿真,对决定平流层飞艇总体方案可行性的浮重平衡、推阻平衡、能源平衡进行综合分析,提出了Stratobus项目发展的启示,为平流层飞艇总体设计和研究发展提供参考借鉴。     

活性碳毡对称振子阵列／树脂复合吸波材料的研究

研究了含活性碳毡对称振子阵列吸波复合材料的微波吸收特性.结果表明:含振子阵列吸波材料的吸波性能与入射电场方向、振子两臂间的电阻、振子间的距离和阵列的位置密切相关.对称振子阵列对电磁波的吸收呈各向异性,振子与入射电场平行时,吸波性能较好;随振子两臂间电阻或振子间距的增大,材料的吸波性能先提高后降低,电阻和振子间距均存在最佳值;随振子阵列和试样下表面距离的减小,材料的吸波性能提高,振子与入射电场平行时,本实验条件下可获得有效带宽13GHz,最大吸收峰值-30.3dB的反射衰减.     

金属结构损伤复合材料微波修复的实验研究

研究一种利用微波修复金属结构损伤的新技术,阐明了微波修复机理,探讨了界面形成与快速固化理论。复合材料微波修复通过在修复区注入微波吸收剂提高导电磁率来吸收微波辐射,并将微波能转换为热能,利用特殊设计的微波施加器发射微波可以使热量直接加在修复区而不加热整个结构。本文还提供大量的实验数据,表明微波修复试件的强度高于传统方法修复的试件,微波修复技术适合于现役飞行器在各种环境下的外场快速修复。     

损伤金属结构的复合材料胶接修补实验研究

采用复合材料补片对损伤的金属飞机结构进行胶接修修亘，可以经济而有铲地恢复结构的承载能力和延长结构的使用寿命，通过金属材料裂纹板胶接修补前后的静强度和疲劳寿命对比,验证了这种修补方法的可行性和有效性，。实验结果表明；裂纹板经复合材料补片胶接修补后，其静强度和疲劳寿命均有显著的提高，并且增加补片的宽度或者减小补片的长度，都可以提高结构的修补效果。     

星载永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析与实验研究

磁场是评价星载霍尔推力器性能水平及工作特性的重要因素,也是开展推力器优化设计的重要自由度。针对航天器姿态调整等空间轨道任务对霍尔推力器应用需求,分析了影响永磁霍尔推力器磁感应强度的关键因素。在此基础上,利用磁路等效法,采用有限元离散形式,建立了基于永磁材料的霍尔推力器磁场模型,利用国外同类产品工程数据验证了磁场模型分析方法的可行性和计算结果的正确性,最终获得了设计所需的推力器磁路构型、永磁体结构尺寸及相应的永磁霍尔推力器样机。将永磁霍尔推力器磁场分析结果与实测结果进行对比,并对整机性能进行了实验验证,结果表明:推力器性能实验结果与设计要求相符性较好,额定供气、供电状态下,推力器阳极电流符合设计要求,整机推力达到3.52mN,比冲达到685s,较好地实现了永磁霍尔推力器设计目标。     

带孔复合材料板和螺栓连接复合材料板的有限元计算分析

主要对带孔复合材料板和螺栓连接复合材料板的三维应力进行计算分析。通过计算分析发现 ,带孔复合材料板在受单向拉伸时 ,在相同载荷 (面应力 )作用下 ,复合材料板的厚度对板的强度影响不大 ,随着厚度的增加 ,板上最大应力值变化不大 ;对于带孔板而言 ,孔的形状对孔周边应力集中程度影响比较大 ,孔为椭圆孔 ,并且长轴方向与载荷方向平行时 ,孔边应力集中程度比较小 ;而当椭圆的短轴与载荷方向平行时 ,应力集中程度最大 ;孔为圆孔时 ,应力集中程度介于上面两种形状之间。对于多孔复合材料板计算发现 ,多孔板在受拉作用下 ,各个孔周围应力分布与孔的位置有关 ,在距离板边沿越近的孔 ,其周围最大等效应力值越大 ;对螺栓连接板而言 ,螺栓的材料参数对板的应力分布影响不大 ,板上最大应力都位于孔的右端稍偏下位置 ;螺栓连接复合材料板在相同的载荷作用下 ,板上最大等效应力值随螺栓的弹性模量的增大也相应增大     

新型含能材料及其推进剂的研究进展

根据2000年第31届ICT国际年会的报告及交流内容，结合近年来国内外的有关文献报道，对新型含能材料及其在推进剂中应用的研究，按照高能氧化剂、含能粘合剂、高能燃料等分别进行了较详细的介绍和述评。