Small satellite survey mission to the second Earth moon

This paper presents an innovative space mission devoted to the survey of the small Earth companion asteroid by means of nano platforms. Also known as the second Earth moon, Cruithne, is the target identified for the mission. Both the trajectory to reach the target and a preliminary spacecraft budget are here detailed. The idea is to exploit high efficient ion thrusters to reduce the propellant mass fraction in such a high total impulse mission (of the order of 1e6 Ns). This approach allows for a 100 kg class spacecraft with a very small Earth escape energy (5 km²/s²) to reach the destination in about 320 days. The 31% propellant mass fraction allows for a payload mass fraction of the order of 8% and this is sufficient to embark on such a small spacecraft a couple of nano-satellites deployed once at the target to carry out a complete survey of the asteroid. Two 2U Cubesats are here considered as representative payload, but also other scientific payloads or different platforms might be considered according with the specific mission needs. The small spacecraft used to transfer these to the target guarantees the manoeuvre capabilities during the interplanetary journey, the protection against radiations along the path and the telecommunication relay functions for the data transmission with Earth stations. The approach outlined in the paper offers reliable solutions to the main issues associated with a deep space nano-satellite mission thus allowing the exploitation of distant targets by means of these tiny spacecraft. The study presents an innovative general strategy for the NEO observation and Cruithne is chosen as test bench. This target, however, mainly for its relevant inclination, requires a relatively large propellant mass fraction that can be reduced if low inclination asteroids are of interest. This might increase the payload mass fraction (e.g. additional Cubesats and/or additional scientific payloads on the main bus) for the same 100 kg class mission.     

小天体软着陆自主光学导航与制导方法研究

针对小天体软着陆任务自主性、实时性的需求,对软着陆小天体自主导航与制导问题 进行了研究。提出了一种利用激光测距仪和光学导航相机跟踪目标着陆点的自主导航方案, 利用测距矢量以及目标点之间的几何关系,确定着陆平面法向方向和目标点位置。分析期望 的探测器下降轨迹特点,给出了一种基于制导变量的脉冲控制制导律,通过对目标点视线与 着陆平面法向矢量之间夹角的控制,将软着陆小天体控制分解为切向控制与法向控制两部分 。最后,通过数学仿真对自主导航制导系统的性能进行了验证,结果表明该方法能够满足垂 直软着陆的任务需要,实现高精度软着陆。     

“北京一号”小卫星图像分析

20世纪80年代中期开始,世界航天界兴起了发展小卫星的热潮,特别是小卫星星群或星座的发展,将取代部分现代大型应用卫星的功能。文章提出并总结了图像综合品质评价技术指标,对中国的“北京一号”（DMC＋4灾难监测星座）小卫星图像进行评价,从图像的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和时间分辨率几个方面对中国“北京一号”小卫星图像进行分析。     

火工切割器的一种小样本可靠性验证试验

提出了火工切割器的一种小样本计量型可靠性验证试验方法及偏保守的可靠性评估方法,将火工切割器的燃气压力峰值作为可靠性特征量进行可靠性验证试验,分别测试额定工况(双边点火工况)下的燃气压力峰值和单边点火工况下的燃气压力峰值。基于应力-强度干涉理论,用小样本可靠性验证试验数据开展可靠性评估。这种验证方法既可避免特征量临界值分布规律摸底试验中消耗一定数量的产品,又能实现计量法代替计数法,还避免了人为设定强化系数,评估结果能够反映产品在加严条件下的可靠度水平。文章给出了用60个火工切割器样本进行可靠性验证试验及可靠性评估的应用实例,为航天器火工装置小样本可靠性验证提供技术途径。     

磁控小卫星周期时变的比例微分控制设计方法

在极地圆轨道上工作的对地定向磁控小卫星,其动力学方程是一个线性周期系统。根据极地轨道地磁场变化的特性,利用卫星的姿态角和姿态角速度作为反馈信号,提出也一种采用磁力矩器的比例微分控制规律设计方法。     

微小空间碎片与原子氧协同效应研究

利用等离子体驱动微小碎片加速器和潘宁源的原子氧模拟装置在中国首次开展了微小碎片撞击与原子氧协同作用对Kapton膜和镀铝Kapton膜的侵蚀效应研究. 实验结果表明, 碎片撞击能明显加剧原子氧对Kapton和镀铝Kapton膜的侵蚀效应, 对航天器的寿命及可靠性构成威胁, 制约中国长寿命高可靠性航天器的发展.      

横向连续推力小偏心率人工冻结轨道设计

非临界倾角自然冻结轨道要求近地点幅角为90°, 偏心率在1× 10-3量级, 并且偏心率与轨道倾角和半长轴有特定的对应关系, 苛刻的要求极大地限制了轨道根数选择的多样性. 研究表明, 施加常幅值、方向半轨道周期切换的横向连续小推力可以形成任意轨道根数的小偏心率人工冻结轨道, 放宽自然冻结轨道对轨道根数的严苛限制. 维持小偏心率人工冻结轨道的横向连续推力a_T与半长轴的平方根成正比, 与偏心率大小成反比; 在临界倾角i_c附近, 推力a_T与倾角偏置量Δi近似呈正比, 且长期维持的燃料消耗较小. 此外, 在进行仿真计算时还需考虑拟平均轨道根数与瞬时轨道根数的转换.      

一种小阻值电阻测量装置的研究与设计

介绍了一种小阻值电阻测量装置,概述了总体方案设计及关键技术,进行了重要功能设计的介绍和原理上的分析,说明了软件的设计思路和上位机软件功能,最后给出了试验验证及结果。通过测试验证,可以看出这种小阻值电阻测量装置完全满足测试要求,且具有很好的便携性,很好地弥补了现有设备的不足。     

突片射流冲击冷却换热特性的实验

对涡激励突片的单排圆形射流冲击冷却特性进行了实验研究.主要对突片堵塞比、突片形状和突片安装角度对冲击换热特性的影响进行了实验研究, 并揭示了其影响规律.研究结果表明:在研究的参数范围内, 突片的几何形状及安装角对射流冲击换热有较显著的影响, 并根据其影响规律, 对突片的结构设计提出了有价值的参考意见.      

Longitudinal parameter identification of a small unmanned aerial vehicle based on modified particle swarm optimization

This paper describes a longitudinal parameter identification procedure for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)through modified particle swam optimization(PSO).The procedure is demonstrated using a small UAV equipped with only an micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)inertial measuring element and a global positioning system(GPS)receiver to provide test information.A small UAV longitudinal parameter mathematical model is derived and the modified method is proposed based on PSO with selective particle regeneration(SRPSO).Once modified PSO is applied to the mathematical model,the simulation results show that the mathematical model is correct,and aerodynamic parameters and coefficients of the propeller can be identified accurately.Results are compared with those of PSO and SRPSO and the comparison shows that the proposed method is more robust and faster than the other methods for the longitudinal parameter identification of the small UAV.Some parameter identification results are affected slightly by noise,but the identification results are very good overall.Eventually,experimental validation is employed to test the proposed method,which demonstrates the usefulness of this method.