微小卫星数据存储器单粒子作用的检测及纠错

因为辐射导致的单粒子翻转效应（SEU）,使得微小卫星星上存储器在太空运行时其内容可能出现小概率错误,这种错误会影响计算机系统的运行和关键数据。文章阐述了“清华一号”微小卫星数据处理系统对SEU的纠错方法,分别介绍了实现（12,8）和（39,32）的汉明码纠错设计和基于FPGA的三模块冗余纠错编码方法,并分析了这些方法的工作原理和过程。     

利用楔形突体结构改善气膜冷却效率的数值研究

在倾斜圆柱形气膜孔中加装一种特制的楔形突片结构,可以改善气膜孔下游平均冷却效率,本文对此进行了数值研究。研究结果表明:突片的高度对冷却效率影响不大;在大吹风比下突片对冷却效率的提高起显著作用;突片的存在使气膜孔下游壁面得到了很好的保护。随着突片边长增大,平均冷却效率提高。     

First spaceborne demonstration of BeiDou-3 signals for GNSS reflectometry from CYGNSS constellation

The full constellation of Chinese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) BeiDou-3 has been deployed completely and started fully operational service. In addition to providing global Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, the BeiDou-3 satellites transmissions can also be used as the sources of illumination for Earth Observation (EO) with a bistatic radar configuration. This innovative EO concept, known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), allows to measure the Earth surface characteristics at high resolution via the reflected L-band radar signals collected by a constellation of small, low cost and low Earth orbiting satellites. For the first time in orbit, earth reflected BeiDou-3 signal has been detected from the limited sets of raw data collected by the NASA’s Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation. The feasibility of spaceborne BeiDou-3 reflections on two typical applications, including sea surface wind and flooding inundation detection, has been demonstrated. The methodology and results give new strength to the prospect of new spaceborne GNSS-R instruments and missions, which can make multi-GNSS reflectometry observations available to better capture rapidly changing weather systems at better spatio-temporal scales.     

Paths not taken – The Gossamer roadmap’s other options

Highly efficient low-thrust propulsion is increasingly applied beyond commercial use, also in mainstream and flagship science missions, in combination with gravity assist propulsion. Another recent development is the growth of small spacecraft solutions, not in size but in numbers and individual capabilities.Just over ten years ago, the DLR-ESTEC Gossamer Roadmap to Solar Sailing was set up to guide technology developments towards a propellant-less and highly efficient class of spacecraft for solar system exploration and applications missions: small spacecraft solar sails designed for carefree handling and equipped with carried application modules.Soon, in three dedicated Gossamer Roadmap Science Working Groups it initiated studies of missions uniquely feasible with solar sails such as Displaced L₁ (DL1) space weather advance warning and monitoring, Solar Polar Orbiter (SPO) delivery to very high inclination heliocentric orbit, and multiple Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) rendezvous (MNR). Together, they demonstrate the capability of near-term solar sails to achieve at least in the inner solar system almost any kind of heliocentric orbit within 10 years, from the Earth-co-orbital to the extremely inclined, eccentric and even retrograde. Noted as part of the MNR study, sail-propelled head-on retrograde kinetic impactors (RKI) go to this extreme to achieve the highest possible specific kinetic energy for the deflection of hazardous asteroids.At DLR, the experience gained in the development of deployable membrane structures leading up to the successful ground deployment test of a (20 m)², i.e., 20 m by 20 m square solar sail at DLR Cologne in 1999 was revitalized and directed towards a 3-step small spacecraft development line from as-soon-as-possible sail deployment demonstration (Gossamer-1) via in-flight evaluation of sail attitude control actuators (Gossamer-2) to an envisaged proving-the-principle flight in the Earth-Moon system (Gossamer-3). First, it turned the concept of solar sail deployment on its head by introducing four separable Boom Sail Deployment Units (BSDU) to be discarded after deployment, enabling lightweight 3-axis stabilized sailcraft. By 2015, this effort culminated in the ground-qualified technology of the DLR Gossamer-1 deployment demonstrator Engineering Qualification Model (EQM). For mission types using separable payloads, such as SPO, MNR and RKI, design concepts can be derived from the BSDU characteristic of DLR Gossamer solar sail technology which share elements with the separation systems of asteroid nanolanders like MASCOT. These nano-spacecraft are an ideal match for solar sails in micro-spacecraft format whose launch configurations are compatible with ESPA and ASAP secondary payload platforms.Like any roadmap, this one contained much more than the planned route from departure to destination and the much shorter distance actually travelled. It is full of lanes, narrow and wide, detours and shortcuts, options and decision branches. Some became the path taken on which we previously reported. More were explored along the originally planned path or as new sidings in search of better options when circumstance changed and the project had to take another turn. But none were dead ends, they just faced the inevitable changes when roadmaps face realities and they were no longer part of the road ahead. To us, they were valuable lessons learned or options up our sleeves. But for future sailors they may be on their road ahead.     

Reliability and reliability sensitivity analysis of structure by combining adaptive linked importance sampling and Kriging reliability method

The application of reliability analysis and reliability sensitivity analysis methods to complicated structures faces two main challenges: small failure probability (typical less than 10⁻⁵) and time-demanding mechanical models. This paper proposes an improved active learning surrogate model method, which combines the advantages of the classical Active Kriging – Monte Carlo Simulation (AK-MCS) procedure and the Adaptive Linked Importance Sampling (ALIS) procedure. The proposed procedure can, on the one hand, adaptively produce a series of intermediate sampling density approaching the quasi-optimal Importance Sampling (IS) density, on the other hand, adaptively generate a set of intermediate surrogate models approaching the true failure surface of the rare failure event. Then, the small failure probability and the corresponding reliability sensitivity indices are efficiently estimated by their IS estimators based on the quasi-optimal IS density and the surrogate models. Compared with the classical AK-MCS and Active Kriging – Importance Sampling (AK-IS) procedure, the proposed method neither need to build very large sample pool even when the failure probability is extremely small, nor need to estimate the Most Probable Points (MPPs), thus it is computationally more efficient and more applicable especially for problems with multiple MPPs. The effectiveness and engineering applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by one numerical test example and two engineering applications.     

固液混合火箭发动机研究进展

固液火箭发动机因其推进剂能量较高、安全性好、易实现推力调节、可实现多次启停、药柱稳定型好、温度敏感性低、环保性佳和经济性好的特点,十分符合下一代航天平台绿色环保、智能随控、快速响应的发展需求,在探空火箭、亚轨道飞行器、靶标、小型运载火箭、助推器、上面级动力系统、姿轨控动力系统、着陆器和其他许多民用商业航天领域中都具有良好的应用前景。分析了固液火箭发动机的国内外发展现状及发展趋势,对国内外固液火箭发动机相关的典型项目、工程应用和关键技术发展情况进行了回顾和总结,并以此为基础总结固液火箭发动机技术的发展趋势和有待进一步突破的关键技术。     

用模糊聚类算法快速定位小卫星在轨运行故障

针对小卫星在轨系统复杂，监测点众多以及测量信息固有的不确定性等特点，采用一种 化的模糊Ｃ均值聚类算法快速定位在轨运行故障，并以哈尔滨工业大学卫星工程技术研究所研制的立体测绘微小卫星为背景以达到实际应用的目的。     

Capacity building in emerging space nations: Experiences,challenges and benefits

This paper focuses on ways in which space is being used to build capacity in science and technology in order to:     

小卫星测控通信分系统遥测参数处理的研究

提出一种小卫星遥测参数的处理方法 ,它采用三帧同步捕获的方法来减少误同步和漏同步 ,从而提高测控通信分系统的可靠性和有效性 ;同时 ,采用对遥测参数进行分类处理的方法确保测控系统可靠地运行     

基于Bootstrap方法的捷联惯组历次测试数据验前分布研究

针对捷联惯性测量组合（捷联惯组）历次测试数据小样本的特点，在总体分布参数形式未知的情况下，根据已有的先验信息，提出了通过Bootstrap重采样技术，获得捷联惯组历次测试数据总体参数的验前分布。结合当前样本信息，给出捷联惯组历次测试数据的验后分布。将统计推断建立在验后分布基础之上，可以减小小样本情况下的统计分析误差。