基于最小二乘支持向量机的小样本建模方法研究

针对捷联惯组历次测试数据小样本建模问题,提出了通过二次修正插值方法解决测试数据的非等间隔性和样本容量小的问题。并通过相空间重构的思想将一维时间序列多维化。最后通过最小二乘支持向量机建立预测模型。实例分析表明,建立在二次修正插值基础之上的最小二乘支持向量机时间序列模型具有较高的预测精度,能够很好地满足对惯组测试数据分析的要求。     

Capacity building in space technology development: A new initiative within the United Nations programme on space applications

Since 1971 the UN Programme on Space Applications, implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs, has been organizing workshops, symposiums and expert meetings and providing training opportunities in the practical applications of space technology. In 2009 the Office launched the Basic Space Technology Initiative (BSTI). The BSTI encompasses a range of activities in support of capacity building in space technology development in response to the growing interest of academic and governmental organizations in many countries to establish basic, indigenous capabilities to develop nano- and small satellites. Considerations such as the education and training of experts, the creation of required testing and building infrastructure, opportunities for international cooperation and the applicable legal and regulatory frameworks are therefore of particular interest to these organizations. The BSTI aims to assist them with their efforts. This paper describes the origins of the initiative, the activities that have been conducted to date and the work planned for 2011 and beyond.     

Scatter factor confidence interval estimate of least square maximum entropy quantile function for small samples

Classic maximum entropy quantile function method (CMEQFM) based on the probabil-ity weighted moments (PWMs) can accurately estimate the quantile function of random variable on small samples, but inaccurately on the very small samples. To overcome this weakness, least square maximum entropy quantile function method (LSMEQFM) and that with constraint condition (LSMEQFMCC) are proposed. To improve the confidence level of quantile function estimation, scatter factor method is combined with maximum entropy method to estimate the confidence inter-val of quantile function. From the comparisons of these methods about two common probability distributions and one engineering application, it is showed that CMEQFM can estimate the quan-tile function accurately on the small samples but inaccurately on the very small samples (10 sam-ples); LSMEQFM and LSMEQFMCC can be successfully applied to the very small samples;with consideration of the constraint condition on quantile function, LSMEQFMCC is more stable and computationally accurate than LSMEQFM; scatter factor confidence interval estimation method based on LSMEQFM or LSMEQFMCC has good estimation accuracy on the confidence interval of quantile function, and that based on LSMEQFMCC is the most stable and accurate method on the very small samples (10 samples).     

Scheduling algorithms for rapid imaging using agile Cubesat constellations

Distributed Space Missions such as formation flight and constellations, are being recognized as important Earth Observation solutions to increase measurement samples over space and time. Cubesats are increasing in size (27U, ～40?kg in development) with increasing capabilities to host imager payloads. Given the precise attitude control systems emerging in the commercial market, Cubesats now have the ability to slew and capture images within short notice. We propose a modular framework that combines orbital mechanics, attitude control and scheduling optimization to plan the time-varying, full-body orientation of agile Cubesats in a constellation such that they maximize the number of observed images and observation time, within the constraints of Cubesat hardware specifications. The attitude control strategy combines bang-bang and PD control, with constraints such as power consumption, response time, and stability factored into the optimality computations and a possible extension to PID control to account for disturbances. Schedule optimization is performed using dynamic programming with two levels of heuristics, verified and improved upon using mixed integer linear programming. The automated scheduler is expected to run on ground station resources and the resultant schedules uplinked to the satellites for execution, however it can be adapted for onboard scheduling, contingent on Cubesat hardware and software upgrades. The framework is generalizable over small steerable spacecraft, sensor specifications, imaging objectives and regions of interest, and is demonstrated using multiple 20?kg satellites in Low Earth Orbit for two case studies – rapid imaging of Landsat’s land and coastal images and extended imaging of global, warm water coral reefs. The proposed algorithm captures up to 161% more Landsat images than nadir-pointing sensors with the same field of view, on a 2-satellite constellation over a 12-h simulation. Integer programming was able to verify that optimality of the dynamic programming solution for single satellites was within 10%, and find up to 5% more optimal solutions. The optimality gap for constellations was found to be 22% at worst, but the dynamic programming schedules were found at nearly four orders of magnitude better computational speed than integer programming. The algorithm can include cloud cover predictions, ground downlink windows or any other spatial, temporal or angular constraints into the orbital module and be integrated into planning tools for agile constellations.     

壁挂式主频可调变截面小卫星结构设计与验证

针对多星并联布局“一箭多星”发射小卫星的模式，为降低星箭连接界面结构受力、提高卫星结构对不同运载火箭的主频适应性、提高星内设备安装空间利用率，本文设计了一种壁挂式主频可调变截面小卫星结构。对该卫星结构，开展了基于有限元方法的模态和静力分析验证，还开展了地面鉴定级振动试验验证和在轨飞行试验验证。分析和试验结果表明，壁挂式卫星结构相比底部连接式卫星结构，星箭连接界面受力可降低67.7%；在不增加卫星结构质量的前提下，仅通过安装或拆卸主传力路径上的部分连接螺钉，就能实现卫星3个方向一阶频率10 Hz左右的可调范围；采用沿运载火箭轴线方向横截面大小可变的变截面结构设计，可将星内设备安装空间的利用率由等截面卫星结构的49.1%提高到74.2%。     

轴对称后向台阶不稳定流动及压强振荡数值研究

使用翼柱形装药的战术发动机,在翼槽烧完时会出现轴对称的后向台阶结构,易产生转角涡脱落引起的声涡耦合现象。根据战术发动机中后向台阶流动特点设计简化模型,从线性稳定性理论出发,应用声涡耦合模态预测方法进行分析。采用湍流流动的大涡模拟(LES)方法,进行了较宽来流Re数条件下后向台阶不稳定流动的数值模拟,获得了转角涡脱落产生的一般过程,分析了不同来流条件下的旋涡多尺度运动规律。通过分析流场中关键位置的压强振荡,研究了气动声学现象。结果表明,声涡耦合模态预测方法可对不同速度下可能诱发的声场固有频率进行合理预测。流场头部压强波动的振幅最大,频率与声场轴向声模态相耦合。再发展区出现低于轴向基频的宽峰振荡主要受大尺度旋涡运动的影响,该频率与基频接近时,会造成基频的多峰现象。当近壁面小尺寸旋涡形成频率接近声场某阶固有频率时,该频率及更低阶频率就有可能被激发。     

小天体自主附着技术研究进展

基于国际上已实施的小天体探测任务和未来小天体附着探测技术的发展趋势,阐述了小天体自主附着的必要性及关键技术。首先回顾了已成功实施的小天体探测任务的特点,进而总结了小天体自主附着的难点问题,概括分析了小天体自主附着所涉及的关键技术及其研究进展,最后对未来小天体自主附着技术的研究热点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

A six-degree-of-freedom hardware-in-the-loop simulator for small spacecraft

This paper presents a novel six degree of freedom, ground-based experimental testbed, designed for testing new guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for the relative motion of nano-satellites. The development of innovative guidance, navigation and control methodologies is a necessary step in the advance of autonomous spacecraft. The testbed allows for testing these algorithms in a one-g laboratory environment. The system stands out among the existing experimental platforms because all degrees of freedom of motion are controlled via real thrusters, as it would occur on orbit, with no use of simulated dynamics and servo actuators. The hardware and software components of the testbed are detailed in the paper, as is the motion tracking system used to perform its navigation. A Lyapunov-based strategy for closed loop control is used in hardware-in-the loop experiments to successfully demonstrate the full six-degree-of-freedom system׳s capabilities. In particular, the test case shows a two-phase regulation experiment, commanding both position and attitude to reach specified final state vectors.     

基于STK的小卫星轨道交会设计研究

利用球面三角形的几何关系进行了基于STK(卫星工具包)的小卫星轨道交会的规划和设计。采用一种较为方便的轨道交会设计方法,并使用功能强大的专业STK软件来仿真和演示,取得了良好的仿真效果,能够较好地满足航天器轨道交会设计的要求,对于其它类型的轨道规划有一定的借鉴作用,为各种航天器的仿真研究提供了一种新的方法。     

改善机床运动的五轴刀轨光顺方法

建立了五轴数控加工刀轨光顺优化模型,改善了线性插补方式下拐角过渡运动中的机床加速度情况。考虑了5个轴加速能力的差异,以轴加速度比,即轴实际达到的最大加速度与其允许最大加速度的比值,来衡量轴的加速度情况,以5个轴加速度比的平方平均数在整体上衡量机床的加速度情况,降低该值可提高机床运动平稳性。采用最短距离线法在初始刀轨的各切触点处建立了刀轴偏航角和俯仰角的可行域,使光顺后的刀轨满足残高和无过切要求。实例表明:该方法可有效光顺五轴数控加工刀轨,改善机床加速度情况,提高机床运动平稳性。