Blood and small intestine cell kinetics under radiation exposures: Mathematical modeling

Mathematical models which describe the dynamics of two vital body systems (hematopoiesis and small intestinal epithelium) in mammals exposed to acute and chronic radiation are developed. These models, based on conventional biological theories, are implemented as systems of nonlinear differential equations. Their variables and constant parameters have clear biological meaning, that provides successful identification and verification of the models in hand. It is shown that the predictions of the models qualitatively and quantitatively agree with the respective experimental data for small laboratory animals (mice, rats) exposed to acute/chronic irradiation in wide ranges of doses and dose rates. The explanation of a number of radiobiological effects, including those of the low-level long-term exposures, is proposed proceeding from the modeling results. All this bears witness to the validity of employment of the developed models, after a proper identification, in investigation and prediction of radiation effects on the hematopoietic and small intestinal epithelium systems in various mammalian species, including humans. In particular, the models can be used for estimating effects of irradiation on astronauts in the long-term space missions, such as Lunar colonies and Mars voyages.     

大芯径大数值孔径光纤测试系统测量不确定度评定

简述了大芯径大数值孔径光纤测试系统的测量原理，建立了测试系统的数学模型并对该系统的测量不确定度进行了评定。     

Thrusting maneuver control of a small spacecraft via only gimbaled-thruster scheme

The thrust vector control (TVC) scheme is a powerful method in spacecraft attitude control. Since the control of a small spacecraft is being studied here, a solid rocket motor (SRM) should be used instead of a liquid propellant motor. Among the TVC methods, gimbaled-TVC as an efficient method is employed in this paper. The spacecraft structure is composed of a body and a gimbaled-SRM where common attitude control systems such as reaction control system (RCS) and spin-stabilization are not presented. A nonlinear two-body model is considered for the characterization of the gimbaled-thruster spacecraft where, the only control input is provided by a gimbal actuator. The attitude of the spacecraft is affected by a large exogenous disturbance torque which is generated by a thrust vector misalignment from the center of mass (C.M). A linear control law is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude while rejecting the mentioned disturbance torque. A semi-analytical formulation of the region of attraction (RoA) is developed to ensure the local stability and fast convergence of the nonlinear closed-loop system. Simulation results of the 3D maneuvers are included to show the applicability of this method for use in a small spacecraft.     

小卫星围绕空间站飞行动力学和控制研究

研究微小卫星围绕空间站飞行, 监视空间站运行和外观状态, 减少航天员舱外活动。这是小卫星一种新的应用概念。文章主要研究绕飞轨道动力学和稳定性, 以及在有摄动情况下保持绕飞轨道的控制策略。这种控制策略所消耗燃料非常少, 根据仿真实验结果, 绕飞卫星飞行一个月消耗的燃料可产生速度增量约为３～４ｍ ／ｓ。     

CCD等高仪测定太阳直径的模拟计算及其精度分析

本文根据用光电等高仪测定太阳直径的基本原理,给出了用CCD作探测器测定太阳直径的处理方法,并用模拟方法对不同的seeing值产生了几组太阳曝光的CCD底片。通过对这些CCD底片的数字图象的处理和计算,对太阳直径的测定精度进行了估计和分析。计算分析表明,不论对单像还是双像方案,CCD等高仪都能以好于0."05的精度测定太阳的直径。      

液体火箭发动机环境因子的修正逆矩估计

对文献 [1]提出的适用于大样本失效数据的逆矩估计法进行修正 ,针对液体火箭发动机飞行及地面试车数据的特点 ,提出了其天地环境因子的修正逆矩估计方法。与现有方法相比 ,本文提出的方法更加适用于小样本失效数据情形下环境因子问题的研究。最后用数值例说明了该方法的应用     

射流自由长度对凝胶推进剂撞击雾化影响的实验

为研究射流自由长度对凝胶推进剂撞击雾化的影响,建立了撞击雾化实验台,制备了煤油凝胶和水基模拟液,测试了雾化装置的喷射系数及模拟液的黏性和稳定性。分析了3种射流速度不同射流自由长度条件下的凝胶撞击雾化特性,观测了射流和撞击喷雾图像。测量了液膜破碎长度、雾化液滴粒径分布和相应的SMD(索太尔平均直径)值。研究结果表明:低速时,随着射流自由长度增大,撞击液膜的喷雾形态会发生较大变化,而高速条件下,雾化形态则基本一致。3种射流速度下,破碎长度在45~9mm之间,并随射流自由长度逐渐减小。液滴分布服从Rosin Rammler规律,并具有较高的拟合精度。均匀度指数均在3~4之间,并随射流自由长度逐渐降低,粒径均匀度降低;较高射流速度下,SMD随自由长度逐渐增大。低射流速度时,SMD随射流长度先减小后增大,射流自由长度存在一个最优值,在设定研究条件下其值为25/3。因此,在设计撞击喷嘴时,根据射流速度选取适当的自由长度值可以获得更好的雾化效果。      

Nonlinear H∞ based underactuated attitude control for small satellites with two reaction wheels

Underactuated attitude control is supposed to be used on spacecraft when failure happens with onboard actuators. One main problem with existing underactuated attitude control designs is their limited capabilities against disturbances. In order to solve this problem, an approach based on the theory of H∞$H\infty$ is proposed in this paper. Two propositions are derived from the H∞$H\infty$ theory to improve the robustness of one popular underactuated attitude control design, which was presented by Tsiotras et al. It is proved mathematically that the controller satisfying these two propositions respectively can stabilize the underactuated attitude system locally or globally. The numerical simulations show that the improved controllers based on the H∞$H\infty$ theory could provide higher pointing accuracy for small satellites against disturbances. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed H∞$H\infty$ based approach to improve existing underactuated attitude control designs.     

小步长低阶Collocation方法轨道积分性能研究

介绍了Collocation方法的原理及误差构成,以Collocation方法在逐历元滤波轨道解算中的应用为切入点对小步长低阶Collocation方法轨道积分的性能进行了研究。分别就二体问题及真实GPS星座卫星轨道为对象进行了一系列验算,得到了一些有益结论：就积分方法本身性能而言,Collocation积分方法较传统数值积分法精度要高且稳定性要好;在一定长度的积分步长范围内,将小步长低阶Collocation方法用于滤波轨道解算是可行且有效的。 但在积分步长很小的情形下,从计算效率方面考虑,不推荐使用Collocation方法;利用小步长低阶Collocation方法取代大步长高阶方法能提高效率且可抑制蚀现象引起的积分结果发散。经试验表明：选用积分步长为900s的4阶方法是合适的。