卫星轨道变化规律的综合分析

对于航天工程而言,无论是航天器的发射,卫星轨道设计,地面测控系统的跟踪、定轨和预报．还是卫星在轨运行过程中的轨道控制策略等,均需了解卫星轨道变化的规律。为此,本文对人造卫星(包括中心天体为快自转天体和慢自转天体两种引力源的绕飞轨道器)的轨道变化特征以及轨道寿命进行系统的综合分析。为各种应用提供简明信息。     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.     

星图匹配制导中的关键技术

为了提高新一代弹道导弹的快速、机动反击能力和射击精度，采用星光，惯性组合制导足最佳的选择。本论文给出了基于双星敏感器的、星图匹配制导系统的关键技术。提出了根据弹道设计导航星表．极大地简化了弹载星表；提出了一种适用于星光制导的凸多边形箅法，合理地减少了匹配的星对角距数目。这两项技术保证了星图匹配制导技术的实用性。提出了一种分离初始定位、定向误差及平台漂移误差方法。采用凸多边形的星图识别算法可同时获得多颗星的瞬时位置，结合恒星在像平面的位置可解算导弹在赤道惯性系和发射点惯性系的三轴姿态，最后，给出了导弹初始定位、定向误差的数学表达式。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Development of a coupled supersonic inlet-fan Navier–Stokes simulation method

A coupled supersonic inlet-fan Navier–Stokes simulation method was developed by using COMSOL-CFD code. The flow turning, pressure rise and loss effects across blade rows of the fan and the inlet-fan interactions were taken into account as source terms of the governing equations without a blade geometry by a body force model. In this model, viscous effects in blade passages can also be calculated directly, which include the exchange of momentum between fluids and detailed viscous flow close to walls. NASA Rotor 37 compressor test rig was used to validate the ability of the body force model to estimate the real performance of blade rows. Calculated pressure ratio characteristics and the distribution of the total pressure, total temperature, and swirl angle in the span direction agreed well with experimental and numerical data. It is shown that the body force model is a promising approach for predicting the flow field of the turbomachinery. Then, coupled axisymmetric mixed compression supersonic inlet-fan simulations were conducted at Mach number 2.8 operating conditions. The analysis includes coupled steady-state performance, and effects of the fan on the inlet. The results indicate that the coupled simulation method is capable of simulating behavior of the supersonic inlet-fan system.     

A few metrological aspects of the Gaia mission

The ESA space astrometry mission Gaia is designed to measure the positions, parallaxes and proper motions of more than one billion stars of our Galaxy brighter than 20 magnitude. The expected astrometric accuracies are in the range 7–25 μas for the point-like sources down to 15 mag. To achieve this staggering performance, several issues of highly accurate metrology must be solved and implemented on the spacecraft. In this paper, I discuss first some constraining principles to perform global astrometry in space, and then a couple of examples of the metrological issues currently faced by the design or to be encountered during the operations. One concerns the optimisation of the sky coverage with a scanning instrument like Gaia, and the other deals with the instrument stability and how the stringent requirements are met in practice.     

关于地球卫星运动中的坐标系附加摄动问题

关于卫星运动中的坐标系附加摄动，早期是从两种赤道坐标系中卫星轨道根数的差别采用大量球面三角公式的方法导出的，本文将改用与当今高精度数值解中的坐标转换关系，在岁差章动等参数完全一致的情况下，简要清晰地导出相应的坐标系附加摄动解，既容易被读者接受，又便于与对应的数值解进行比对。     

双边界代数法在喷管内流场网格生成中的应用

用一种双边界代数方法生成二维网格，通过在超限插值函数中引入边界的一阶导数实现网格与边界是的正交，采用几何一致性条件保证物理区域不变形，发展一系列拉伸方程控制网格在边界或给定位置的间距。应用此方法生成了满意的喷管内流场网格，网格生成效率明显优于微分方程网格生成方法。     

A new method of single celestial-body sun positioning based on theory of mechanisms

Considering defects of current single celestial-body positioning methods such as discon-tinuity and long period, a new sun positioning algorithm is herein put forward. Instead of tradi-tional astronomical spherical trigonometry and celestial coordinate system, the proposed new positioning algorithm is built by theory of mechanisms. Based on previously derived solar vector equations (from a C1R2P2 series mechanism), a further global positioning method is developed by inverse kinematics. The longitude and latitude coordinates expressed by Greenwich mean time (GMT) and solar vector in local coordinate system are formulated. Meanwhile, elimination method of multiple solutions, errors of longitude and latitude calculation are given. In addition, this algo-rithm has been integrated successfully into a mobile phone application to visualize sun positioning process. Results of theoretical verification and smart phone’s test demonstrate the validity of pre-sented coordinate’s expressions. Precision is shown as equivalent to current works and is acceptable to civil aviation requirement. This new method solves long-period problem in sun sight running fix-ing and improves applicability of sun positioning. Its methodology can inspire development of new sun positioning device. It would be more applicable to be combined with inertial navigation systems for overcoming discontinuity of celestial navigation systems and accumulative errors of inertial nav-igation systems.     

发动机叶片流道内辐射换热的数值计算

应用贴体坐标系下辐射传递方程的离散坐标法，数值模拟了三维叶片流道内的辐射换热，计算了进口燃气总温分别为1673K和2193K时，发动机叶片流道内燃气对发动机机匣、轮毂和叶片的入射辐射热流密度。数值模拟表明，当进口燃气总温增加29.9%时，入射辐射热流密度将增加188%～212%。与直角坐标系下有限体积法的计算结果比较，二者非常接近。     

一种基于纯天文观测的火星车自主导航方法

提出了一种基于纯天文观测的火星车自主天文导航新方法.该方法仅需利用由星敏感器视场内测量得到的火星卫星(火卫一、火卫二)和某一恒星之间的星光角距,结合火星车的运动模型,通过Unscented粒子滤波方法,即可获得高精度的火星车实时位置信息.计算机仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性,同时对几个关键的精度影响因素进行了仿真分析.