并列双方柱的疏水涂层防冰效果结冰风洞实验评估

采用结冰风洞实验研究的方法,利用0.3m×0.2m结冰风洞主实验段,在不同结冰气象条件下对涂覆在并列双方柱实验模型表面的不同纳米疏水涂层结冰特性进行了实验研究,对左右并排的方柱实验模型表面的结冰外形进行了测量和比较,建立了基于9个结冰外形几何特征量的防冰效果量化评估方法,对有、无纳米疏水涂层表面的结冰外形几何特征量无量纲化偏差进行了计算和分析。研究表明:基于结冰外形几何特征量的防冰效果量化评估方法可以较好地评估纳米疏水涂层的防冰效果。与未涂覆防冰涂层的铝合金材料相比,硅橡胶及其添加颗粒的纳米涂层均具有一定的防冰性能,与硅橡胶涂层相比,有的添加颗粒的纳米涂层防冰效果略好一点,而有的略差一点,没有明显提高。在硅橡胶基底材料中添加纳米疏水颗粒,可以在涂层表面构筑一些微纳结构,从而起到防冰作用。因此,在硅橡胶涂层中添加纳米疏水颗粒是一种值得探索的防冰涂层制备研究方向,但如果仅采用物理混合搅拌的方法,纳米颗粒难以在硅橡胶涂层表面形成稳定疏水性能的微纳乳突结构。纳米疏水涂层只能降低结冰速率,无法完全杜绝材料表面的结冰现象。      

Large-eddy simulation and linear acoustic modeling of entropy mode oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection

Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results.     

旋转爆震发动机燃烧室气膜出流影响数值研究

针对旋转爆震发动机（RDE）壁面的高热负荷问题,开展旋转爆震发动机燃烧室壁面气膜冷却的数值仿真,探究气膜出流与爆震波、斜激波和燃烧室流场之间的相互作用以及气膜对壁面的冷却特性。研究结果表明:爆震波对气膜的压缩和冷却孔的堵塞作用明显,气膜对爆震波整体的传播特性影响较小。受爆震波和燃烧室流场的影响,气膜出流存在周期性的摆动情况,这在一定程度上影响了壁面的冷却效果。在爆震波覆盖的壁面区域,峰值壁温下降程度有限,但时均壁温的降幅超过26.9%;在斜激波覆盖区域,随着冷气量的增加,峰值壁温和时均壁温的降幅超过32.5%和51.3%,气膜对该区域壁面的冷却效果更加明显。      

卫星定位和精度因子的改进方法

在卫星导航定位系统中,在精度因子计算和采用最小二乘法进行定位求解时,传统上采用测量矩阵直接求逆方法来进行.为了克服矩阵求逆带来的计算量大和数值稳定性差的不足,利用测量矩阵的对称正定性,提出了一种基于矩阵 UTDU 分解的定位解算和精度因子计算方法.改进方法具有严格的数学理论基础,保证了方法的正确性和有效性.数值分析结果表明,相对直接求逆的传统方法而言,在定位解算时,该方法能降低约 60%的运算量,而在精度因子计算中,约能降低36%的运算量.且改进方法能大大降低求解矩阵的条件数,提高了求解的数值稳定性.      

翼型波浪水面巡航地面效应数值模拟

数值求解非定常不可压缩流动的雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,用VOR(Volume Of Fluid)方法模拟波浪水面,模拟了NACA2410翼型在波浪水面上方飞行的流场.研究了余弦波浪水面的生成方法,选取合适的计算网格和时间步长,避免了在生成规则余弦波浪水面时由于数值耗散使波面形状衰减.比较了固壁波浪与水面波浪计算结果的差异,发现固壁波浪的结果更接近余弦曲线分布.研究了波浪等级对翼型气动性能的影响,分析计算结果发现:在规则的余弦水面波浪上方飞行,翼型气动力呈现周期性,给出了一个周期内气动力的变化过程,以及波长和波幅对气动力平均值和波动幅度的影响规律.      

提高航天器超声检漏灵敏度的方法研究

应用超声进行航天器舱体及管道系统检漏是一种可快速定位漏点的无损检测方法,从试验方法及信号处理上可以有效提高各种工况下的检漏灵敏度。文章对非接触超声检漏提高有效湍流强度增强超声信号和接触超声检漏改变信号带通频率这两种方法进行了试验研究。结果显示,采用这两种方法均能增强有效信号强度,提高检漏灵敏度。     

Suppressing unsteady motion of shock wave by high-frequency plasma synthetic jet

Three Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (PSJA) under the high-frequency actuation are used to control the Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI), a high-speed schlieren image processing method based on spatial Fourier transform as well as snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition were used to study the control effect of high-frequency plasma synthetic jet on low-frequency unsteadiness of SWBLI. The analysis of the base flow shows that the separated shock wave actually has both large- and small-amplitude vibrations at low frequency. And the results revealed that the PSJA with an operating frequency of 2 kHz has the ability to reduce the energy of low-frequency component of shock wave motion, indicating that the 2 kHz actuation can effectively suppress low-frequency unsteadiness of the separated wave. Compared with the actuation frequency of 2 kHz, the energy of low-frequency component of the shock wave is enhanced under the 8 kHz actuation, which aggravates the low-frequency unsteady motion of the shock wave. It is likely that the actuation frequency is too high, thus the intensity of the precursor shock wave induced by PSJA becomes weaker. Additionally, as the 4 kHz actuation is applied, the pulsation of the separation region was enhanced, it is speculated that the actuation frequency is coupled with the oscillation frequency of the separation region.     

FASTMast伸展机构屈曲模式的理论分析与试验

针对空间站盘绞式（FASTMast）伸展机构在轨工作的承载与变形特点,从理论角度对以伸展机构后屈曲柔性条作为弹性支承的屈曲模式进行了分析。结果表明：在后屈曲柔性条达到临界刚度之前,伸展机构屈曲模式表现为肘关节运动,与伸展机构对角拉索无关;达到临界刚度之后,屈曲模式表现为欧拉屈曲,而后屈曲柔性条的刚度与其截面惯性矩成正比。通过与试验结果的对比,验证了理论分析的正确性,同时也为其它同类机构的设计和试验提供了参考依据。     

Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption of MOF/SiBCN nanomaterials at high temperature

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials at high-temperature are urgently needed for stealth aircrafts or aero-engines worked in harsh environments. In this contribution, cobalt-containing siliconboron carbonitride (MOF/SiBCN) nanomaterials were prepared by pyrolyzing metal–organic framework, i.e. cobalt 2-methylimidazole (ZIF-67), and hyperbranched polyborosilazane. The rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-67 and cobalt element promoted in situ formation of dielectric loss phases, including SiC nanocrystals, CoSi nanocrystals and turbostratic carbons. The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanomaterials showed excellent microwave absorption both at room and elevated temperature. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC_min) was −51.6 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 3.93 GHz at room temperature. At an elevated temperature of 600 °C, the RC_min reached −30.29 dB and EAB covered almost the whole X-band (3.95 GHz, 8.45–12.4 GHz). The ZIF-67/SiBCN nanocomposites are promising and useful platform for microwave absorbing materials at high-temperature. It may shed light on the downstream applications in designing next generation areo-engines and stealth aircrafts.     

基于GRECO的复杂目标多次散射RCS计算

复杂目标多次散射问题对于目标雷达散射截面(RCS,Radar Cross Section)的精确预估具有重要影响.以图形电磁计算(GRECO,Graphic Electromagnetic Lomputing)软件为平台,充分利用其可视化计算的特点,采用像素为基本计算单元,开发了一种多次散射计算方法.通过获取像素几何信息,搜索符合多次散射条件的像素对,并将高频计算方法中的几何光学和物理光学相结合,实现了对发生多次散射的复杂目标RCS可视化计算.应用AUTOCAD软件建立了角反射器和导弹模型,将最终计算结果与参考文献中计算结果进行对比,取得了较为理想的结果,证明了该方法具有很好的工程应用价值.