Snow-covered lake ice in GPS multipath reception – Theory and measurement

Speculary reflected signals from the ground can significantly affect the performance of Global Positioning System receivers. For this type of multipath condition, the received powers are primarily the sum of the speculary reflected and direct signals. These reflected signals can provide useful information about the land-surface composition. In this paper, we discuss the special case of a snow-covered frozen lake, with incident energy at 1.57542 GHz with right-hand circularly polarization at elevation angles between 2° and 40°. The relative received powers are computed and measured for various thicknesses of lake ice. The received powers for both theory and measurement have the same behavior throughout a range of elevation angles. The potential for inferring lake ice thickness is explored for a snow-covered lake ice case study.     

Analytical long-term evolution and perturbation compensation models for BeiDou MEO satellites

The current paper establishes the analytical models of the long-term evolution and perturbation compensation strategy for Medium Earth Orbits(MEO)shallow-resonant navigation constellation,with application to the Chinese Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS).The long-term perturbation model for the relative motion is developed based on the Hamiltonian model,and the long-term evolution law is analyzed.The relationship between the control boundary of the constellation and the offset of the orbital elements is analyzed,and a general analytical method for calculating the offset of the orbit elements is proposed.The analytical model is further improved when the luni-solar perturbations are included.The long-term evolutions of the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years are illustrated,and the effectiveness of the proposed analytical perturbation compensation calculation approach is compared with the traditional numerical results.We found the fundamental reason for the nonlinear variations of the relative longitude of ascending node and the mean argument of latitude is the long-periodic variations of the orbital inclination due to the luni-solar perturbations.The proposed analytical approach can avoid the numerical iterations,and reveal the essential relationship between the orbital element offsets and the secular drifts of the constellation configuration.Moreover,there is no need for maintaining the BDS MEO constellation within 10 years while using the perturbation compensation method.     

北斗卫星导航系统空间信号用户测距误差计算方法研究

按照空间信号用户测距误差（UserRangeError,URE）定义,参考GPS标准定位服务性能规范中URE的计算方法,结合北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）多星混合星座类型,在考虑仰角限制情况下,详细推导了适用于BDS的瞬时URE和均方根URE计算公式。利用广播星历和精密星历计算的卫星轨道误差和卫星钟钟差,带入所推导的公式,对BDSURE进行分析评估;并使用GNSS接收机原始观测量和伪距观测方程计算BDSURE,最后将两种计算结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,两种方法BDSURE的计算结果基本一致,在95%置信度情况下均小于2.5m,满足北斗公开服务性能规范中对空间信号URE的基本要求。     

人造毛皮机微电脑控制器的设计与实现

本文介绍一种新型的人造毛皮机微电脑控制系统，文中详细介绍控制系统的组成，工作原理及软件设计，该控制系统采用微电脑技术和步进电机技术帝现了对各梳理头喂毛量的精确控制，以确保毛皮的均匀性和质量，同时系统还具备各种自停报警功能的统计功能。     

车载设备的振动响应

本文用力阻抗法推导出车载设备在受车内动力设备或地面振动干扰时的振动响应公式。     

用灵敏度分析同步电液伺服系统误差

采用灵敏度方法来分析电液伺服系统中各参数变化对系统动态特性的影响，通过对参变量变动所引起的微分方程解变动的研究，可以分析系统精度受各参变量影响的大小。     

结构系统主要失效模式的枚举

结构系统可靠性是结构可靠性理论所要解决的主要问题之一，作为结构系统可靠性分析的关键，能否准确，高效地枚举结构系统的主要失效模式直接关系到分析结果的准确程度。从大量的文献中招集整理目前结构系统可靠性分析中所用的枚举系统主要失效模式的方法，并按它们所用的枚举策略和临别指标的不同，加以分类和评述。     

剩余分布抽样及其在非马尔科夫可修系统可靠性数字仿真中的应用

给出了在数值计算中可以实现的剩余分布的抽样方法，并且针对不同的剩余分布形式进行了具体的讨论。最后给出了该方法在两种典型非马尔科夫可修系统仿真中的应用实例。     

仿真模型检验的新工具

本文是从阐述姿控系统仿真模型检测的重要性以及检测手段需不断改进的观点出发,介绍计算机频率特性测试软件(ftsp)的主要优点和用途。     

民用飞机主制造商设计保证系统的建设方法

运输类民用飞机主制造商建立设计保证系统,旨在充分发挥自主适航的能力,从产品全生命周期出发保证研制航空产品的安全性,提升航空产品的品质,保持航空产品的高质量运行。基于欧洲航空安全局和中国民用航空局关于设计保证系统的相关适航要求分析,结合民用飞机主制造商的管理体系,确立设计保证系统"明确职责-梳理活动-健全组织机构-优化资源配置-建立文件体系"的建设方案,浅析民用飞机主制造商围绕设计职能、适航职能、独立监督职能开展设计保证系统建设的方法。