机载信息系统的应用研究及发展趋势初探

介绍了机载信息系统的技术现状,在民机上的不同应用架构及各种架构所具有的特点。从市场定位、新老机型应用、技术融合程度、人机工效等方面对机载信息系统的应用进行了研究,并根据机载系统产品发展的一般规律,对未来机载信息系统的发展趋势进行了初步预测。     

靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估系统建设构想

针对靶场GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）增强、监测与评估的测量精度和可靠性保障、异常分析和电磁环境监测等复杂技术需求,明确了靶场GNSS增强、监测与评估的概念,分析了各类方法的特点,确定了以大范围基准站网为主干,采用广域差分增强和地面完好性通道监测满足提高测量精度和可靠性主要需求,采用车载信号监测和干扰监测一体化系统满足不同区域间发的异常分析和电磁环境监测需求的技术路线.设计了系统体系架构,重点分析了系统实时工作模式和数据处理流程,为系统建设提供了有益的参考.     

基于卫星授时控制器的设计与实现

针对一些小型试验场或舰船上的条件局限性,对授时、控制等参试设备提出了更高的要求,希望提供一种功能全面、携带方便的小型化设备,用以满足试验的多种需求.为解决这个问题,研制了新一代时统设备——卫星授时控制器.基于GPS（全球定位系统）/BDS-Ⅱ（“北斗”二代）卫星授时原理,采用功能较强的微控制器和可编程器件产生多种时频信号、控制信号和模拟导航信息,实现了定时、控制、接收和产生等多重功能,提高了设备的集成性、通用性和便携性;同时采用倍频、锁相、驯服等技术,使设备10 MHz频率源的准确度提高2个量级,卫星同步精度优于50 ns.该控制器已成功应用于移动测控站和舰船试验中,效果良好.     

国内外民机适航管理体系浅析

世界上各个国家和地区的适航管理机构和体系,其工作内容和性质是一致的,但由于各国民用航空产业发展程度不一,研制民航产品的能力有别,以及各国的管理办法和习惯做法的差异,导致各国适航管理的体系和机构在名称、规模和工作方式上常常不一样,这其中,以美国和欧洲两套体系最具代表性。     

Evaluation on real-time dynamic performance of BDS in PPP,RTK, and INS tightly aided modes

Since China’s BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS) began to provide regional navigation service for Asia-Pacific region after 2012, more new generation BDS satellites have been launched to further expand BDS’s coverage to be global. In this contribution, precise positioning models based on BDS and the corresponding mathematical algorithms are presented in detail. Then, an evaluation on BDS’s real-time dynamic positioning and navigation performance is presented in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), Real-time Kinematic (RTK), Inertial Navigation System (INS) tightly aided PPP and RTK modes by processing a set of land-borne vehicle experiment data. Results indicate that BDS positioning Root Mean Square (RMS) in north, east, and vertical components are 2.0, 2.7, and 7.6?cm in RTK mode and 7.8, 14.7, and 24.8?cm in PPP mode, which are close to GPS positioning accuracy. Meanwhile, with the help of INS, about 38.8%, 67.5%, and 66.5% improvements can be obtained by using PPP/INS tight-integration mode. Such enhancements in RTK/INS tight-integration mode are 14.1%, 34.0%, and 41.9%. Moreover, the accuracy of velocimetry and attitude determination can be improved to be better than 1?cm/s and 0.1°, respectively. Besides, the continuity and reliability of BDS in both PPP and RTK modes can also be ameliorated significantly by INS during satellite signal missing periods.     

Efficacy of oxygen-supplying capacity of Azolla in a controlled life support system

Azolla shows high growth and propagation rates, strong photosynthetic O₂-releasing ability and high nutritional value. It is suitable as a salad vegetable and can be cultured on a multi-layered wet bed. Hence, it possesses potential as a fresh vegetable, and to release O₂ and absorb CO₂ in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System in space. In this study, we investigated the O₂-providing characteristics of Azolla in a closed chamber under manned, controlled conditions to lay a foundation for use of Azolla as a biological component in ground simulation experiments for space applications. A closed test chamber, representing a Controlled Ecological Life Support System including an Azolla wet-culture device, was built to measure the changes in atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside the chamber in the presence of coexisting Azolla, fish and men. The amount of O₂ consumed by fish was 0.0805–0.0831 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and the level of CO₂ emission was 0.0705–0.0736 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹; O₂ consumption by the two trial volunteers was 19.71 L h⁻¹ and the volume of respiration-released CO₂ was 18.90 L h⁻¹. Under 7000–8000 Lx artificial light and Azolla wet-culture conditions, human and fish respiration and Azolla photosynthesis were complementary, thus the atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside chamber were maintained in equilibrium. The increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration in the closed chamber enhanced the net photosynthesis efficiency of the Azolla colony. This study showed that Azolla has strong photosynthetic O₂-releasing ability, which equilibrates the O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside the chamber in favor of human survival and verifies the potential of Azolla for space applications.     

地形提示与告警系统试飞研究

对地形防撞系统的试飞技术和试飞风险规避进行研究。首先介绍了TAWS子模式功能。然后详细分析了各子模式的试飞技术。阐述了TAWS系统试飞的主要风险源,并分析相应风险源的规避措施。最后,通过实例论证了TAWS试飞技术的应用性,为新型号飞机TAWS试飞工作安全、有效的开展提供了参考。     

内卫星辐射计效应建模与分析

辐射计效应是内卫星的主要干扰因素之一, 是决定内编队重力场测量水平的重要因素. 通过分析内卫星所受辐射计效应产生的原因, 建立了内卫星辐射计效应模型, 并分析了各个参数对辐射计效应的影响及减小辐射计效应的方法. 结果表明, 通过降低腔体中平均压力、内卫星表面和外卫星腔体内壁面温度梯度以及内卫星的面质比均可减小辐射计效应引起的加速度.      

基于Laurent分解的星载AIS解调算法

为了适应星载AIS（船舶自动识别系统）条件,提出了一种基于Laurent分解的单通道星载AIS信号解调算法。AIS信号可通过Laurent原理分解成若干调幅脉冲信号,该算法用其中能量最大的2个调幅脉冲信号在接收前端作近似匹配滤波处理,然后采用维特比译码算法对信息码元进行还原。结合实际工程应用,对该算法在低信噪比和混叠信号2种条件下分别进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法在2种情况下正确解包率均显著优于传统算法。     

某型尾吊高平尾飞机失速特性试飞方法研究

某型尾吊高平尾飞机通过安装失速保护系统改善失速特性,满足了适航条例的要求。介绍了失速保护系统的设计,从保障试飞安全的失速试飞准备工作、失速保护系统研制试飞与失速特性验证试飞三个方面研究了安装失速保护系统飞机的失速试飞方法。