双欧法在克服伞-弹系统欧拉方程奇异性中的应用

文章针对伞弹系统欧拉方程奇异性 ,利用正、反欧拉方程精华区、奇异区呈倒挂的原理 ,建立了一套与飞机不同的反欧拉系统。将这套双欧系统应用在克服伞 -弹系统欧拉方程奇异性中 ,取得了满意的结果。同时对双欧法与四元数法计算结果进行了对比验证 ,从而更加清楚地看到了四元数法的方法缺陷和不足 ,为进一步能将双欧法应用于伞 -弹系统六自由度弹道实时仿真进行了有益的尝试     

Finite-time sliding mode attitude control for a reentry vehicle with blended aerodynamic surfaces and a reaction control system

This paper proposes a finite-time robust flight controller, targeting for a reentry vehicle with blended aerodynamic surfaces and a reaction control system(RCS). Firstly, a novel finite-time attitude controller is pointed out with the introduction of a nonsingular finite-time sliding mode manifold. The attitude tracking errors are mathematically proved to converge to zero within finite time which can be estimated. In order to improve the performance, a second-order finite-time sliding mode controller is further developed to effectively alleviate chattering without any deterioration of robustness and accuracy. Moreover, an optimization control allocation algorithm, using linear programming and a pulse-width pulse-frequency(PWPF) modulator, is designed to allocate torque commands for all the aerodynamic surface deflections and on–off switching-states of RCS thrusters.Simulations are provided for the reentry vehicle considering uncertain parameters and external disturbances for practical purposes, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the attitude control system.     

一种改进阻尼倒数的空间机器人避奇异算法

针对自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划过程中存在的动力学奇异问题,提出一种动力学奇异转化加改进阻尼倒数的奇异回避算法。首先,通过运动学分解,间接求解机器人逆运动学方程,避免直接求解逆广义雅可比矩阵,以实现奇异参数的分离;然后,采用改进的高斯分布阻尼因子的阻尼倒数代替奇异参数的普通倒数,回避运动学奇异的影响。与现有阻尼倒数方法相比,提高了算法在奇异点附近的连续性,进一步减小了算法带来的跟踪误差。在PUMA类型空间机器人模型上进行仿真试验,校验算法的有效性。     

Feasible angular momentum of spacecraft installed with control moment gyros

In this paper, a fundamental approach to analyzing the maneuverability of spacecraft with mounted control moment gyros is addressed by searching feasible angular momentum. The geometrical array of control moment gyros considered is a roof array also known as a 2-SPEED system. Due to the simplicity of the singularity envelope of the array considered, it is reasonably practical to conduct rotational performance analysis of the spacecraft. This maneuverability analysis technique uses a unique chart developed in this work, which allows a guaranteed maximum torque output and angular momentum at any time without concern about the singularity problem of the control moment gyros. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a conservative method for maneuverability analysis of a spacecraft with installed control moment gyros by searching allowable maximum angular momentum. This method is demonstrated using an illustrative example.     

基于自适应高斯伪谱法的SGCMG无奇异框架角轨迹规划

针对采用SGCMG作为姿态执行机构的小卫星,在大角度机动过程中SGCMG系统易陷入奇异的问题,提出了一种基于自适应Gauss伪谱法的SGCMG无奇异框架角轨迹快速规划方法。该算法综合考虑到实际工程应用中存在的SGCMG框架角受限、框架角速度受限,奇异量度受限,星体机动角速度受限以及星体初始和终端状态受限等约束条件,将卫星大角度机动问题看成满足上述一系列约束条件和边界条件同时实现某一性能指标最优的最优控制问题。然后,结合自适应高斯伪谱法与非线性规划技术,求解带有边界约束与路径约束的最优化问题,获得实现性能指标最优的无奇异SGCMG系统轨迹。仿真结果表明：该算法能够在25s的时间内给出顺利实现大角度机动并满足所有约束条件,同时近似精度优于10 -3 的高精度平滑轨迹。     

Singularity problem of control moment gyro cluster with vibration isolators

As powerful torque amplification actuators, control moment gyros (CMGs) are often used in the attitude control of many state-of-the-art high resolution satellites. However, the distur-bance generated by the CMGs can not only reduce the attitude stability of a satellite but also dete-riorate the performance of optic payloads. Currently, CMG vibration isolators are widely used to target this problem. The isolators can affect the singularity of the CMG system as they are placed between the CMGs and the satellite bus and provide additional freedoms to the CMG system due to their flexibility. The formulation of the output torque of a CMG is studied first considering the dynamic imbalance of its spin rotor and then the deformation angle as a result of the isolator’s flex-ibility is calculated. With the additional freedoms, the influence of isolator on the singularity problem is studied and a new steering logic to escape from the singular states is proposed.     

一种SGCMG系统奇异逃离方法

单框架控制力矩陀螺 (SGCMG)系统进入奇异后无法提供准确的三轴指令力矩,通过奇异机理分析,设计了一种奇异逃离方案。首先构造新的动态坐标系,在系统进入奇异后,将控制坐标系切换到新的坐标系下,在新的坐标系上放弃一个维度的控制,将系统考虑为平面内的SGCMG冗余控制系统,然后在平面内采用二维零运动使得系统快速逃离奇异状态,当SGCMG系统逃离奇异状态后,再重新接入三维度的控制。仿真结果表明,提出的方法具有很好的奇异逃避效果。     

应用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划

针对应用变速控制力矩陀螺VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的微小卫星,提出了一种姿态机动最优路径规划方法。从冗余金字塔构型VSCMGs系统的姿态机动任务和考虑VSCMGs系统故障失效的姿态机动任务两类问题出发,综合考虑VSCMG在实际工程应用中的各种约束条件(框架角约束、框架角速度约束、转子转速约束和奇异度量约束等)以及充分发挥VSCMG的力矩输出优势,采用Gauss伪谱法规划了相应性能指标最优的姿态机动最优路径。仿真结果表明设计的应用VSCMG的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划算法能够满足提出的约束条件和最优路径规划策略,可以顺利完成航天器姿态机动任务。而且相比于传统的VSCMGs系统操纵律,设计的算法具有更高的实用性和有效性。     

Local controllability and stabilization of spacecraft attitude by two single-gimbal control moment gyros

The attitude control problem of a spacecraft underactuated by two single-gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） is investigated. Small-time local controllability （STLC） of the attitude dynamics of the spacecraft-SGCMGs system is analyzed via nonlinear controllability theory. The conditions that guarantee STLC of the spacecraft attitude by two non-coaxial SGCMGs are obtained with the momentum of the SGCMGs as inputs, implying that the spacecraft attitude is STLC when the total angular momentum of the whole system is zero. Moreover, our results indi- cate that under the zero-momentum restriction, full attitude stabilization is possible for a spacecraft using two non-coaxial SGCMGs. For the case of two coaxial SGCMGs, the STLC property of the spacecraft cannot be determined. In this case, an improvement to the previous full attitude stabilizing control law, which requires zero-momentum presumption, is proposed to account for the singu- larity of SGCMGs and enhance the steady state performance. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the new control law.     

SGCMG系统的力矩指令调节及动态分配操纵方法

针对邻近奇异框架构型时解算低速框架角速度指令过大乃至饱和问题,开展了指令幅值抑制的控制力矩陀螺操纵方法研究。首先提出了力矩分配动态调整策略,设计以控制力矩陀螺历史指令信息为输入的权重系数自主调整律;然后重新定义了考虑权重分配的系统奇异度量,给出了一种综合力矩动态分配策略、零运动奇异规避与指令力矩随奇异度量相应调节手段的控制力矩陀螺操纵律,以抑制控制力矩陀螺低速框架指令幅值过大并提升系统奇异规避能力。最后所提出方法的有效性通过了姿态快速机动数学仿真校验。