Scramjet尾喷管几何调节方案的计算与实验研究

高超声速飞行器飞行接力点和巡航结束点尾喷管冷、热态俯仰力矩差较大,给飞行器的飞行姿态控制造成严重影响。为了减小喷管冷、热态俯仰力矩差,提出了在喷管上膨胀面末端增加移动板进行调节的方案,并进行了详细的三维数值模拟和相应的风洞缩比冷流实验研究。计算结果表明,Ma=4.5时,调节移动板伸出400mm,喷管冷、热态力矩差最大减小21.74%,推力系数损失1.64%;Ma=6.5时,调节移动板喷管冷、热态力矩差可降低77.59%,而推力系数只减小1.35%,调节收益非常明显。最后通过将喷管各调节状态下的冷流缩比实验壁面压力数据与计算结果的对比,证明了该调节方案的计算方法及其结果是可靠的,同时得出该调节方案可以有效地降低冷、热态力矩差的结论。      

多管脉冲爆震发动机压力反传特性试验与数值研究

为了研究多管脉冲爆震发动机的压力反传特性,采用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法对四管爆震室的压力反传特性进行研究,测量了四管爆震室同时点火和分时点火这两种工作模式下的压力反传规律,利用数值模拟对四管爆震室共用进气道进行研究,分析了共用进气道长度以及在共用进气道内加装分流板对压力反传的影响。试验结果表明,四管爆震室同时工作时,共用进气道产生一道很强的压力扰动波,其峰值压力接近0.12MPa;四管爆震室分时工作时,共用进气道在一个循环内出现四次压力扰动,但扰动波的峰值压力较小。数值模拟的结果表明,在两种工作模式下,爆震室产生的反传压力使发动机入口产生高速倒流,四管分时工作时倒流的速度较小。随着共用进气道的长度增大,反传压力的峰值降低,但发动机入口处仍然存在倒流现象,倒流的速度随着共用进气道的长度增大而减小。共用进气道内加装分流板对反传压力的峰值并没有削弱作用。     

大气湍流信道中的激光束传输到达角起伏计算及实验

到达角起伏是影响近地大气激光通信链路性能的最主要因素之一。文章对近地大气湍流信道中的激光束传输到达角起伏进行了计算和实验研究。研究结果表明,在大气折射率结构常数为10^-13～10^-16量级的范围内,根据Kolmogorov湍流理论,当大气信道满足局地均匀各向同性条件下,由理论分析和实验数据计算出到达角起伏的值,进而计算出的大气折射率结构常数值,与实验测得的大气折射率结构常数值是基本一致的。     

基于C/S和B/S混合模式上机实验一体化系统的研究

基于C／S和B／S混合模式上机实验一体化系统的研究就是要解决当前上机教学中急需的计算机电子化管理的问题。该项目的完成除了对计算中心计算机基础课程上机实验适用以外，其它相关专业课程的上机教学和各种计算机课程综合训练等也同样适用，项目的完成对于提高上机实验环节的教学质量具有重要作用，因此具有实际意义。     

One-week habitation of two humans in an airtight facility with two goats and 23 crops – Analysis of carbon,oxygen, and water circulation

Human habitation and animal holding experiments in a closed environment, the Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF), were carried out. The CEEF were established for collecting experimental data to estimate carbon transfer in the ecosystem around Rokkasho nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. Circulation of O₂ and CO₂, and supply of food from crops cultivated in the CEEF were conducted for the first time in the habitation experiments. Two humans known as eco-nauts inhabited the CEEF, living and working in the Plant Module (PM) and the Animal and Habitation Module (AHM), for a week three times in 2005. On a fresh weight basis, 82% of their food was supplied from 23 crops including rice and soybean, cultivated and harvested in the PM, in the 2nd and 3rd experiments. For the goats, the animals held in the experiments, all of their feed, consisting of rice straw, soybean plant leaves, and peanut shells and peanut plant leaves, was produced in the PM in the 2nd and 3rd experiments. The O₂ produced in the PM by photosynthesis of the crops was separated by the O₂ separator using molecular sheaves, then accumulated, transferred, and supplied to the AHM atmosphere. The CO₂ produced in the AHM by respiration of the humans and animals was separated by the CO₂ separator using solid amine, then accumulated, transferred, and supplied to the PM atmosphere. The amount of O₂ consumed in the AHM was 46–51% of that produced in the PM, and the amount of CO₂ produced in the AHM was 43–56% of that consumed in the PM. The surplus of O₂ and the shortage of CO₂ was a result of the fact that waste of the goats and the crops and part of the human waste were not processed in these habitation experiments. The estimated amount of carbon ingested by the eco-nauts was 64–92% of that in the harvested edible part of the crops. The estimated amount of carbon ingested by the goats was 36–53% of that in the harvested inedible part of the crops. One week was not enough time for determination of gas exchange especially for humans and animals, because fluctuation of their gas exchange was quite high. The amount of transpired water collected as condensate was 818–938 L d⁻¹, and it was recycled as replenishing water compensating transpiration loss of nutrient solution. The amount of waste nutrient solution discharged from the PM was 1421–1644 L d⁻¹. The waste nutrient solutions from rice and other crops were processed through micro filters (MFs) separately. The MF filtrated solutions were processed with reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filter separately and divided into filtrated water and concentrated waste nutrient solution. The concentrated waste nutrient solution from the crops other than rice was processed through an ultra-micro filter (UF) and reused, although that from rice was discharged in 2005. Concentrations of nutritional ions in the UF filtrated solution were determined, the depleted ions were added back, the UF filtrated solution was diluted with the RO membrane filtrated water, and the nutrient solution for the crops other than rice was regenerated. The nutrient solution for rice was newly made each time, using concentrated solution from an external source and the RO membrane filtrated water. Average amounts of water used in the AHM (L d⁻¹) were determined as follows: drinking by humans (filtrated water), 1.5; cooking, etc. (filtrated water other than for drinking), 14.3; drinking by goats, 3.8; showering (hot water), 13.2; showering (cold water), 0.1; washing of hand and face and brushing teeth, 4.1; washing of dishes, dish clothes and towels, 36.4; and washing of animal holding tools, 0.3. The waste water was processed by a RO purification system and recycled for toilet flushing and animal pens washing. A circulation experiment for water was started in 2006 and a circulation experiment for waste materials is planned for 2007. In 2006, a single duration of the air circulation experiments was 2 weeks, although the human habitants were changed after 1 week.     

Experimental investigations on the power extraction of a turbine driven by a pulse detonation combustor

In order to grasp the interaction mechanism between the pulse detonation combustor（PDC）and the turbine,the experimental work in this paper investigates the key factors on the power extraction of a turbocharger turbine driven by a PDC.A PDC consisting of an unvalved tube is integrated with a turbocharger turbine which has a nominal mass flow rate of 0.6 kg/s and50000 r/min.The PDC-turbine hybrid engine is operated on gasoline-air mixtures and runs for6＋min to achieve a thermal steady state,and then the engine performance is evaluated under different operating conditions.Results show that the momentum difference per unit area between the turbine inlet and outlet plays an important role in the power extraction,while the pressure peak of the detonation has little effect.The equivalence ratio of fuel and air mixture and the transition structure between PDC and turbine are also important to the power extraction of the turbine.The present work is promising as it suggests that the performance beneft of a PDC-turbine hybrid engine can be realized by increasing the momentum difference per unit area through the optimal design of transition section between the PDC and turbine.     

飞行器参数辨识的最优方波形输入信号设计

用动态规划法设计了旨在提高飞行器气动参数辨识精度的最优方波形输入信号。设计出的信号不仅在工程上易于实现,还在精度意义上达到了最优。为了避免加输入信号后飞行器状态离开线性工作点,从而导致模型失效,该设计方法还考虑了输出约束。用于某型飞行器的输入信号设计结果表明,该法是有效的。     

基于网络的《工程力学》实验系统初探

实验教学是学生获得知识和能力训练的重要途径,工程力学实验是工科院校学生的一门技术基础课。尝试利用现代网络技术和3Dmax软件,结合我校的力学实验课教学,开发一套基于网络的工程力学实验教学系统,作为对理论教学和实验室教学的补充,取得很好效果。     

导弹发射箱(筒)内燃气流特性分析——热态试验研究

本试验是利用局部动力相似理论，在导弹燃气动力效应实验室利用缩比导弹发动机模拟燃气流对发射箱的冲击效应，主要对后盖不同开启时间气流对箱（筒）体的冲击规律作了深入的研究，以寻求气流的冲击特性对盖体开启时间的最佳效应，对箱（筒）体工程设计及最佳开盖时间提供预估参数和设计准则。     

CM2磁试验设备主线圈结构设计

CM2主线圈结构设计是对结构尺寸精度要求很高,对使用材料有特殊要求的非标准结构设计。设计中充分考虑结构的稳定性和可靠性,围绕实现精度要求,根据使用材料的特性,制定了满足精度要求的工艺性、经济性较好的设计方案.