中国空间站光学遥感载荷的发展研究

光学遥感载荷的空间站平台相比卫星平台具有很大的优势,吸引了包括俄罗斯、美国和欧空局在内的国际空间站成员国争相进行空间站光学遥感载荷的新技术实验验证和对地观测研究。文章介绍了国际空间站光学遥感载荷的观测方式和特点,结合国际空间站光学遥感载荷的应用情况,从新技术实验验证和对地观测两个方面分析了中国空间站光学遥感载荷发展应该注意的问题,为中国空间站光学遥感载荷的发展提出了几点建议。     

吸收剂颗粒尺寸对吸波材料性能的影响

对最佳的吸收剂颗粒粒度进行数值计算和分析。从趋肤效应和单个磁畴颗粒大小两个角度,以纯铁粉为例对最佳的粒度做了分析,结果表明,对于2~18 GHz的雷达波,铁粉颗粒在16 nm~1μm为好。还分析了利用纳米颗粒的量子尺寸效应来吸收电磁波时颗粒的尺寸范围,计算结果表明,此时颗粒尺寸至少应小于22 nm。     

光电经纬仪双站交会测量算法改进及其误差分析

以靶场双站交会测量中常用的"水平投影法—L公式"为基础,对测量误差进行了仿真分析,给出这种一站为主,一站为辅测量算法的测量有效区域,并对此算法进行改进,仿真结果表明,改进后的算法充分利用2台经纬仪测量数据,不仅使得交会测量有效区域分布对称,而且使得测量误差减小了28.7%,同时使得测量有效区域大大提高了。     

Variability study of ionospheric total electron content at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from 1997 to 2007

The variation of TEC data at Wuhan station (geographic coordinate: 30.5°N, 114.4°E; geomagnetic coordinate: 19.2°N, 183.8°E) at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from January 1997 to December 2007 were analyzed. Variability with solar activity, annual, semiannual, diurnal and seasonal variation were also analyzed. The MSIS00 model and ISR model were used to analyze the possible mechanisms of the variabilities found in the results. The TEC data in 1997 and 2001 deduced from another crest station Xiamen (geographic coordinate: 24.4°N, 118.1°E; geomagnetic coordinate: 13.2°N, 187.4°E) were used to contrast. Analysis results show that long-term variations of TEC at Xiamen station are mainly controlled by the variations of solar activities. Typical diurnal variation behaves as a minimum of the TEC in the pre-dawn hours around 05:00–06:00LT and a maximum on the afternoon hours around 13:00–15:00LT. Some features like the semiannual anomaly and winter anomaly in TEC have been reported. The anomaly may be the result of common action of the electric field over the magnetic equatorial and the [O/N₂] at the crest station.     

Accuracy assessment of single and double difference models for the single epoch GPS compass

The single epoch GPS compass is an important field of study, since it is a valuable technique for the orientation estimation of vehicles and it can guarantee a total independence from carrier phase slips in practical applications. To achieve highly accurate angular estimates, the unknown integer ambiguities of the carrier phase observables need to be resolved. Past researches focus on the ambiguity resolution for single epoch; however, accuracy is another significant problem for many challenging applications. In this contribution, the accuracy is evaluated for the non-common clock scheme of the receivers and the common clock scheme of the receivers, respectively. We focus on three scenarios for either scheme: single difference model vs. double difference model, single frequency model vs. multiple frequency model and optimal linear combinations vs. traditional triple-frequency least squares. We deduce the short baseline precision for a number of different available models and analyze the difference in accuracy for those models. Compared with the single or double difference model of the non-common clock scheme, the single difference model of the common clock scheme can greatly reduce the vertical component error of baseline vector, which results in higher elevation accuracy. The least squares estimator can also reduce the error of fixed baseline vector with the aid of the multi-frequency observation, thereby improving the attitude accuracy. In essence, the “accuracy improvement” is attributed to the difference in accuracy for different models, not a real improvement for any specific model. If all noise levels of GPS triple frequency carrier phase are assumed the same in unit of cycles, it can be proved that the optimal linear combination approach is equivalent to the traditional triple-frequency least squares, no matter which scheme is utilized. Both simulations and actual experiments have been performed to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.     

感温蜡温控阀对航天器热控系统动态性能的影响

为了提高航天器热控系统的控温适应能力,提出了一种基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路热控方法,利用感温蜡温控阀的全自动流量、温度比例调节特性实现温度控制。通过集总参数法建立感温蜡温控阀、热源载荷和空间辐射器等部件的数学模型,运用数值仿真方法分析该热控系统的温度动态特性。仿真结果表明,感温蜡温控阀的布局方式,以及感温蜡熔程、时间常数和温度延迟等热特性对单相流体回路热控系统温度动态性能有显著的影响,对基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路优化设计提供了理论依据。     

航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别

针对当前航天器研制中日益突出的单粒子防护量化设计问题,分析了单粒子软错误对航天器影响的特征,建立了评估器件或设备单粒子软错误对航天器影响的危害时间模型,给出了航天器单粒子防护薄弱点的识别方法和步骤,为改进航天器单粒子防护设计提供了客观依据。     

视频处理芯片ADV212单粒子翻转影响分析及故障预案

ANALOG DEVICES公司生产的ADV212可以实现JPEG2000静止图像压缩编码的集成运算,由于其为工业级COMS器件,若用在空间领域,属于单粒子效应的影响对象.文章针对此器件的内部结构和特性,具体分析了其在发生单粒子翻转时所受到的影响,并针对不同的错误类型提出对应的解决措施,形成完整的故障预案.     

A preliminary study of the single crest phenomenon in total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial anomaly region around 120°E longitude between 1999 and 2012

The diurnal variations in total electron content (TEC) in the equatorial ionisation anomaly (EIA) region are not always represented by two crests on both sides of the magnetic equator. Sometimes, only an obvious single crest is evident at equatorial and low latitudes. In this paper, we focus on analysis of the morphological features of the single crest phenomenon in TEC around 120°E longitude during geomagnetic quiet days (Kp < 4₋). The variations in TEC are also compared with morphological parameters (foF2 and hmF2) derived from the International Reference Ionosphere extended to Plasmasphere (IRI–Plas) model. Our results show that the single crest phenomenon occurs mainly on days with extremely low solar activity, while the corresponding F2 layer critical frequency showed obvious asymmetry, or even only a single peak.     

静止轨道卫星东西位置保持控制参数的优化方法

为提高静止轨道卫星东西位置保持的轨道控制精度,提出一种优化轨道控制参数和推进剂消耗量估算的方法.这种方法考虑卫星轨道机动期间其姿态控制喷气对卫星轨道的摄动力,据此对位置保持参数中的轨控推力器点火时间进行补偿,并根据所有推力器的喷气时间估算推进剂消耗量,以修正轨控策略,实现更加精准的轨道控制效果.以在轨运行的静止轨道卫星的多次向西位置保持的变轨参数优化过程为实例,验证本方法的有效性和正确性,可应用于后续静止轨道卫星东西位置的实际操作中.