Non-Thermal Processes in Cosmological Simulations

Non-thermal components are key ingredients for understanding clusters of galaxies. In the hierarchical model of structure formation, shocks and large-scale turbulence are unavoidable in the cluster formation processes. Understanding the amplification and evolution of the magnetic field in galaxy clusters is necessary for modelling both the heat transport and the dissipative processes in the hot intra-cluster plasma. The acceleration, transport and interactions of non-thermal energetic particles are essential for modelling the observed emissions. Therefore, the inclusion of the non-thermal components will be mandatory for simulating accurately the global dynamical processes in clusters. In this review, we summarise the results obtained with the simulations of the formation of galaxy clusters which address the issues of shocks, magnetic field, cosmic ray particles and turbulence.     

质子引发的单粒子翻转率估算的研究

根据质子单粒子翻转事件的物理本质,及空间高能质子环境特性,给出了一种基于重离子单粒子翻转实验数据基础之上的估算质子引发的单粒子翻转的方法.利用这种方法计算了几种器件的翻转情况,与地面模拟实验及飞行观测结果符合得非常好.      

包渗法制备Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料MoSi2-SiC-Si防氧化涂层

采用包渗法制备了Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料MoSi2-SiC-Si防氧化涂层,研究了渗层同埋粉关系,包渗时间对包渗结果的影响,并对涂层防氧化性能进行了分析,结果表明：包渗法制得的涂层致密,无裂纹,涂层起到了良好的防氧化作用,1400度在空气中氧化1h后试样的质量保留率为94．1％,保留强度为294．0MPa。     

影响SiC陶瓷纤维力学性能的因素评价

在SiC陶瓷纤维整个制备工艺过程中，影响因素繁多而且交叉作用，每个因素的变化都对SiC纤维的力学性能产生很大影响。本文以先驱体转化法为例，针对SiC陶瓷纤维整个制备工艺过程中的四个阶段，综述了各个因素对SiC陶瓷纤维最终力学性能的影响。     

束丝SiC纤维增强铝复合材料界面TEM研究

利用透射电镜 (TEM )对由几种不同方法制备的束丝SiC纤维增强铝复合材料 (包括超声液相浸渗法制备的复合丝、由复合丝热压得到的板材以及由真空液相压渗法制备的板材等 )的界面微观特征进行了研究 ,结果显示 ,制造态及 5 5 0℃× 1h热暴露条件下复合材料没有发生界面反应 ,在 6 5 0℃× 1h热暴露条件下有厚度 10 0～2 0 0nm的界面反应区。该研究表明 ,SiC/Al复合材料在制备工艺条件下具有有良好的界面化学相容性     

聚碳硅烷纤维不熔化处理的研究(Ⅰ)反应过程的增重及其动力学计算

利用TG－DTA和动力学计算方法对聚碳硅烷纤维在空气中的反应过程进行了研究,探讨了不熔化工艺条件对纤维增重及其不熔化程度的影响。结果表明,PCS纤维的氧化反应不是简单的一级反应,随着升温速率的加快,反应急剧放热,并引起进一步的化学反应,导致反应机理发生改变。升高温度或延长时间均有利于纤维的不熔化。     

3D-C/SiC复合材料拉-拉疲劳模量和电阻的变化

在室温最大应力为250MPa，应力比R＝0．1和频率为60Hz条件下，对3D－C／SiC复合材料进行了拉－拉疲劳试验。用共振法和电阻增量仪分别测试了杨氏模量及电阻的变化。结果表明：随循环次数增加，杨氏模量呈显著下降，缓慢下降和突然下降的变化规律。杨氏模量的下降大部分发生在疲劳循环的前600次。缓慢降低阶段约占疲劳寿命的94％以上，此阶段杨氏模量变化率与循环次数的对数近似呈线性关系，电阻变化率除首次循环降低外，随着循环次数增加一直在增加。增加规律大致可分为缓慢增加，台阶式增加和急剧增加三个阶段。材料的电阻变化率基本反映了纤维的损伤程度和破坏形式，可作为表征复合材料纤维损伤的有效参量。     

高速流动中PIV示踪粒子松弛特性研究

示踪粒子的随流能力是PIV技术在高速流动中应用的关键点之一。在上海交通大学变马赫数高速风洞中开展了PIV实验研究,重点提出一种评价示踪粒子随流能力的松弛特性分析模型。在马赫数4条件下尖锥、尖劈等模型PIV实验研究中,可以准确分析粒子的松弛特性,粒径分析结果与实验吻合较好,并验证了高速流动PIv的测试精度和示踪粒子布撒能力。     

IMF connection for energetic protons observed at Ulysses via mid-latitude solar wind rarefaction regions

As Ulysses moved inward and southward from mid-1992 to early 1994 we noticed the occasional occurrence of inter-events, lasting about 10 days and falling between the recurrent events, observed at proton energies of 0.48–97 MeV, associated with Corotating Interaction Regions (CIR). These inter-events were present for several sequences of two or more solar rotations at intensity levels around 1% of those of the neighbouring main events. When we compared the Ulysses events with those measured on IMP-8 at 1 AU we saw that the inter-events appeared at Ulysses after the extended emission (>10 days) of large fluxes of solar protons of the same energy that lasted at least one solar rotation at 1 AU. The inter-events fell completely within the rarefaction regions (dv/dt<0) of the recurrent solar wind streams. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) lines in the rarefactions map back to the narrow range of longitudes at the Sun which mark the eastern edge of the source region of the high speed stream. Thus the inter-events are propagating at mid-latitudes to Ulysses along field lines free from stream-stream interactions. They are seen in the 0.39–1.28 MeV/nucleon He, which exhibit a faster decay, but almost never in the 38–53 keV electrons. We show that the inter-events are unlikely to be accelerated by reverse shocks associated with the CIRs and that they are more likely to be accelerated by sequences of solar events and transported along the IMF in the rarefactions of the solar wind streams.     

低温预变形对SiC_p/MR64复合材料超塑性的影响

 用拉伸实验研究了低温预变形对碳化硅颗粒增强MR64复合材料超塑性的影响。材料在500℃,应变速率为8.33×10~(-3)s~(-1)的条件下拉伸,超塑变形延伸率达到210％,材料经过300℃低温预拉伸至35％的变形量以后,在超塑条件下拉伸延伸率达305％。通过对显微组织、孔洞的观察发现,低温预变形产生的形变组织在超塑变形初期发生了动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸得到进一步细化,孔洞面积率明显减少。低温预应变提高超塑性的主要原因在于它减少了变形过程中孔洞的数量。