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211.
    
In this paper, the y-component of magnetic field line curvature in the plasma sheet was analyzed, and two kinds of shear structures of the flapping current sheet were found, i.e. symmetric and antisymmetric. The alternating bending orientations of the guiding field are exactly corresponding to alternating north-south asymmetries of the bouncing ion population in the sheet center. Those alternating asymmetric plasma sources consequently induce the current sheet flapping motion as a driver. In addition, a substantial particle population with downward motion was observed in the center of a bifurcated current sheet. This population is identified as the quasi-adiabatic particles, and provides a net current opposite to the conventional cross-tail current.  相似文献   
212.
硼颗粒点火燃烧特性研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
硼的质量热值和体积热值极高,作为金属燃料使用具有显著的能量优势。如何充分释放硼氧化的高热量成为其应用推广的关键问题。基于半个世纪以来国内外的相关研究成果,论述了硼颗粒点火燃烧的主要过程与机理,分析了硼点火燃烧特性的影响因素与促进方法,评述了硼点火燃烧模型和数值计算的研究进展。对目前研究中存在的问题与不足进行了归纳总结,并对未来研究的重点及改进方向进行展望。  相似文献   
213.
为探索磨削速度和单颗磨粒最大未变形切厚对碳化硅陶瓷高速磨削材料去除过程的影响规律,进行了切向进给单颗磨粒高速磨削试验,研究了磨削力、磨削比能与磨削速度以及单颗磨粒切厚的关系。研究结果表明,单颗磨粒切厚为0.03和1μm时,磨削力和磨削比能均随着速度的增加而减小,而当切厚为0.3μm时,磨削力和磨削比能随着磨削速度先增加后减小,磨削速度80m/s为其转折点。磨削力随着单颗磨粒切厚的增大整体上呈上升趋势,但是当切厚小于某一临界值时,磨削力变化并不明显,磨削比能却急剧降低,而且磨削速度提高,该临界值变大。因此,磨削速度的提高有利于降低磨削力和磨削比能,适当增加单颗磨粒未变形切厚并不会恶化加工质量。  相似文献   
214.
聚集状态对固体火箭发动机颗粒粒度分布的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
开展了聚集状态下颗粒的收集实验和粒度分析,研究了聚集度和压强对粒度分布的影响规律.聚集状态的颗粒利用收缩管装置产生,采用一种颗粒收集方法对颗粒进行收集,并冻结其形态,对收集到的颗粒采用激光粒度分析仪进行了粒度分析.研究结果表明,聚集状态下颗粒平均粒度比常规条件下大很多,分布范围也较常规条件下宽得多,粒度分布曲线呈双峰或多峰分布,主峰比重很大;颗粒聚集度增大,颗粒粒度平均值增大,大粒度颗粒比重增加;颗粒粒度随燃烧室压强增大而增大.  相似文献   
215.
采用低压化学气相沉积法( LPCVD)在炭纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪对不同沉积位置SiC涂层的微观形貌和晶体结构进行了表征。 SEM结果表明,沿气流方向,涂层表面逐渐致密和均匀;SiC涂层为多层结构,这种多层结构的形成可能是由于反应中产生的HCl气体吸附在表面反应活性点,从而通过活性点的阻塞机制来阻止SiC晶粒的生长。 XRD结果表明,制备的涂层中存在自由碳,各位置处的SiC晶体在(111)晶面存在择优取向,且沿气流方向(111)晶面的取向性逐渐减弱,(220)和(311)晶面的取向性逐渐增加。拉曼光谱低段频谱(200~600 cm-1)的出现表明CVD涂层中存在一定的缺陷。  相似文献   
216.
From 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008, GOES satellites recorded 170 solar proton events. For 169 of these events, we estimated effective and equivalent dose rates and doses of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar cosmic radiation (SCR), received by aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights. Dose rate and dose estimates that follow are for altitudes 30, 40, 50, and 60 kft, in that order.  相似文献   
217.
Recent progress in measuring the composition and energy spectra of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated by CME-driven shocks is reviewed, including a comparison of the observed charge-to-mass dependence of breaks in SEP spectra with model predictions. Also discussed is a comparison of SEP and CME kinetic energies in seventeen large SEP events, and estimates of the SEP radiation dose that astronauts would be subject to once they venture outside the protective cover of Earth’s magnetosphere.  相似文献   
218.
    
Application of the cosmic virial theorem to galaxy redshift surveys suggests an open universe - if the dark material is distributed in the same way as galaxies. Here we investigate four redshift surveys. We present new results on the amplitudes of the two- and three-point galaxy correlation functions and we estimate the relative peculiar velocities in the deep redshift survey of Kirshner and co-workers (1983). Next, we review evidence which suggests that dark material is clustered on scales comparable to the optical radii of galaxies. In particular, we use spectroscopic and photometric observations to set constraints on the mass distribution in elliptical galaxies.  相似文献   
219.
一种高散射率PIV实验用示踪粒子的制备   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用化学镀银的方法在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆一层金属银,使其表面具有足够高的光散射效率和合适的密度,作为示踪粒子用在PIV(Particle Image Velocime时)实验中。文中研究了相关化学镀银工艺参数对所制各示踪粒子密度的影响,并对所制各的示踪粒子进行了流场测试评价,结果表明:采用在空心玻璃微珠表面镀银的方法,可以获得性能优异的PIV实验用示踪粒子。  相似文献   
220.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Hörz  F.  Bernhard  R.P.  See  T.H.  Kessler  D.J. 《Space Debris》2000,2(1):51-66
A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al2O3) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al2O3 and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al2O3. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes.  相似文献   
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