平面叶栅内固体粒子运动特性的实验研究

 利用ＮａｃＥ－１０型高速摄影机拍摄了流经平面叶栅的气固两相流中固体粒子的运动过程；在ＭｏｖｉｅｓＭｏｄｅｌ１００型胶片运动分析仪上对固体粒子的运动轨迹和速度进行了分析；并讨论了粒子的尺寸、初始速度的大小和方向对粒子在叶栅内运动特性的影响。     

Observations of Extended Radio Emission in Clusters

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in ‘relics’, and the large central regions commonly referred to as ‘halos’. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativistic electrons. Implications from these observations on acceleration mechanisms of these electrons are reviewed, including turbulent and shock acceleration, and also the origin of some of the electrons in collisions of relativistic protons by ambient protons in the (thermal) gas. Improved knowledge of non-thermal phenomena in clusters requires more extensive and detailed radio measurements; we briefly review prospects for future observations.     

Observational constraints on dark matter in the universe

Application of the cosmic virial theorem to galaxy redshift surveys suggests an open universe - if the dark material is distributed in the same way as galaxies. Here we investigate four redshift surveys. We present new results on the amplitudes of the two- and three-point galaxy correlation functions and we estimate the relative peculiar velocities in the deep redshift survey of Kirshner and co-workers (1983). Next, we review evidence which suggests that dark material is clustered on scales comparable to the optical radii of galaxies. In particular, we use spectroscopic and photometric observations to set constraints on the mass distribution in elliptical galaxies.     

SiC/SiC复合材料的力学性能

采用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)法制备了具有热解碳界面层的2.5维SiC/SiC复合材料.研究了残余孔洞及热解碳界面层厚度对材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:材料弯曲强度受纤维束之间大孔的影响很小,主要与纤维间的小孔有关,随小孔尺寸和数量的减小而增大.当气孔率低于27%时,小孔的数量和尺寸均变化不大,材料强度提高有限.90nm厚热解碳界面层的存在使材料由破坏性断裂变为非破坏性断裂,强度由174MPa增加到305MPa.进一步增加界面层厚度,纤维受到损伤,材料的力学性能下降.界面层为180nm和310nm厚时SiC/SiC的强度分别为274MPa和265MPa,纤维拔出数量少,材料近似破坏性断裂.     

三维试验粒子轨道法在磁层粒子全球输运中的应用

根据磁层粒子动力学理论, 通过偶极磁场模型验证利用三维试验粒子轨道方法模拟近地球区(r < 8R_e)带电粒子运动特征的可靠性. 在此基础上, 以太阳风和磁层相互作用的全球MHD模拟结果为背景, 利用三维试验粒子轨道方法, 对非磁暴期间南向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入磁层的情形进行数值模拟, 并对北向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入极尖区以及内磁层的几种不同情形进行了单粒子模拟. 模拟结果反映了南向和北向行星际磁场离子向磁层的几种典型输入过程, 揭示出行星际磁场南向时太阳风粒子在磁层内密度分布的晨昏不对称性以及其在磁鞘和磁层内的大致分布, 并得出统计规律. 模拟结果与理论预测和观测结论相一致, 且通过数值模拟发现, 行星际磁场北向时靠近极尖区附近形成的非典型磁镜结构对于能量粒子经由极尖区注入环电流区域过程有重要的影响和作用.      

含Al的SiC(N)陶瓷前驱体的研究进展北大核心CSCD

含异质元素Al的SiC(N)陶瓷前驱体的合成是制备高性能耐高温SiC纤维的关键步骤。本文综述了含异质元素Al的SiC(N)陶瓷前驱体的合成方法与表征结果及Al元素在陶瓷产物中的作用;并简要介绍了含Al的SiC(N)陶瓷前驱体应用,并对发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

带有SiC涂层的C/C复合材料的氧化行为

采用包埋法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC高温防氧化涂层。利用SEM和XRD等方法对涂层的微观形貌和晶相组成进行了观察与分析,并对带涂层试样在室温~1 500℃范围内的氧化行为进行了研究。结果表明,涂层主要由β-SiC和少量的游离Si组成,涂层表面有裂纹存在,涂层与C/C复合材料基体结合良好,呈现犬牙状结合。在室温~1 500℃之间,带SiC涂层C/C复合材料的氧化行为可分为4个阶段,涂层在高温区具有较好的防氧化性能。     

CVI SiC涂层对碳泡沫性能影响

通过化学气相沉积法在柔性碳泡沫骨架上沉积生长碳化硅涂层,研究碳化硅涂层对泡沫材料的力学性能以及隔热性能的影响。利用SEM、XRD、压汞仪、电子万能试验机及导热分析仪分别对碳泡沫复合碳化硅涂层前后的微观形貌、物相组成、孔隙结构、抗压强度及导热系数进行测试。结果表明,碳泡沫骨架表面生长β-碳化硅涂层,随着碳化硅厚度增大:三维泡沫骨架结构存在的孔隙尺寸减小,孔隙率从99.68%下降至58.39%;泡沫试样压缩特性由类弹性形变转变为塑性形变,压缩强度从0.02MPa增至3.14MPa;单位热量传递截面积增大,传热量增大,试样导热系数从0.026 W/(m·K)升高至0.101 W/(m·K)。     

Metallic and Oxidized Aluminum Debris Impacting the Trailing Edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)

A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al₂O₃) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al₂O₃ and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al₂O₃. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes.