新世纪小型发电装置的开发研究

分布式发电计划涉及到新世纪小型发电机组 (一般低于 30MW)的开发研究。该计划的最终目标是在 2 0 15年提供效率高达 80 %、接近零污染物排放和廉价的发电装置。通过对该计划相关资料的分析 ,介绍了这一计划的主要内容和执行情况 ,燃料电池和高性能燃机研究开发最新动向 ,高性能陶瓷基复合材料 ,燃料处理器等关键技术。     

Al2O3/YAG共晶自生复合陶瓷的激光熔凝实验研究

开展了Al2O3/YAG共晶自生复合陶瓷的激光熔凝制备技术的实验研究,研究结果表明(1)激光扫描速率与功率密度的匹配对激光熔凝实验起着决定性的作用.调整工艺参数,可以获得表面光滑、平整、致密的熔凝层,且无宏观孔隙及裂纹.随扫描速率的增大,熔凝层变薄;(2)激光熔凝Al2O3/YAG共晶自生复合陶瓷由Al2O3相和YAG相两相组成,具有典型的快凝层状共晶组织,共晶间距非常细小.     

2．5DC／SiC复合材料的热物理性能

分别采用热膨胀仪和激光脉冲导热仪测试2.5D C/SiC复合材料从室温到1400℃纵向、横向的热膨胀系数和厚度方向的热扩散系数.结果表明,2.5D C/SiC复合材料的热膨胀系数随温度的升高而缓慢升高,在350℃和700℃附近出现波动,且横向的热膨胀系数略高于纵向.热扩散系数随温度的升高逐渐降低,且下降速率随温度的升高而变缓.CVD SiC涂层后,材料热扩散系数提高1～2倍.     

固体冲压发动机燃气阀用C/SiC复合材料研究

采用“化学气相渗透法 先驱体浸渍裂解法”(CVI PIP)混合工艺制备了固体冲压发动机燃气阀用3D C/S iC复合材料,并对复合材料的显微结构和力学性能进行了研究。复合材料的密度为2.1 g/cm3,复合材料的室温剪切强度和轴向弯曲强度分别为55 MPa和643 MPa。在断裂过程中,复合材料表现出明显非灾难性的韧性断裂行为,试样断裂面存在大量的拔出纤维。复合材料具有优异的绝热性能,Z向热导率为14.5 W/(m.K),X-Y面内热导率为5.0 W/(m.K)。研制的3D C/S iC复合材料燃气阀成功通过冷气轴向抗冲击试验和发动机高温搭载试验考核。     

Analysis of the Micrometeoroid and Debris Hazard Posed to an Orbiting Parabolic Mirror

Many concepts of future space systems involve the use of parabolic mirrors for optical applications. The need for a highly reflective finish means that performance of such systems will be particularly vulnerable to space debris and micrometeoroids. A case study was performed to examine the micrometeoroid and debris hazard posed to an orbiting parabolic mirror. The mirror considered was nominally Earth-pointed in a circular orbit with two candidate altitudes in low Earth orbit (LEO), well within the region inhabited by man-made debris. The timeframes of interest for the two missions were 2002–2004 and 2005–2015. Microgram and larger particles were considered.To perform this study, it was necessary to determine the debris and meteoroid flux across the parabolic surface. To assess sensitivity of results to uncertainity in available data, two approaches were taken. The first approach was an analytical procedure based on use of long duration exposure facility (LDEF) data and published theoretical results. The second approach used two readily available computer models: the ESA MASTER model and NASA's ORDEM96. In addition, an in-house implementation of the Grün meteoroid model was used. While multiple results were available for the total flux and flux distributed over azimuth, only the MASTER model was available for generating the desired elevation data to obtain the flux distribution over the parabolic mirror. In an attempt to bound the uncertainty in the knowledge of the elevation distribution, the results from both the MASTER and ORDEM96 models were processed together to form a separate, hybrid prediction. In addition, results were used in the preliminary design of a protective skirt.This case study elucidated the practical obstacles and considerations in performing a sufficiently accurate debris and meteoroid analysis using data and tools that are readily available to the broad space sector. The resulting procedures are useful in the assessment of the risk posed to optics by the meteoroid and debris environment and in the design of protection.     

燃气轮机燃烧室火焰筒耐温技术的发展与应用

为了理清火焰筒耐温技术的发展脉络,明确未来的发展方向,对火焰筒壁面冷却技术、热障涂层技术与耐高温材料技术进行了综合分析.火焰筒冷却技术是保证火焰筒壁面处于材料允许的安全工作范围内的关键技术,多种冷却技术相结合的复合冷却技术将是今后的重点发展方向,而采用EB-PVD技术进行多层涂履的热障涂层技术将会得到进一步的发展.陶瓷材料由于其特殊的耐高温热氧化能力,将有望成为未来燃烧室火焰筒的主要材料.     

单向陶瓷基复合材料任意应力本构行为快速计算方法

为了实现快速预测陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)任意应力加卸载作用后的损伤状态和本构行为,对CMCs任意应力加卸载力学行为进行研究。提出了任意应力加卸载曲线简化方法,得到仅包含决定CMCs损伤状态的等效载荷曲线。基于剪滞模型,直接给出CMCs在等效载荷曲线作用后的滑移区分布,避免对载荷曲线的逐点计算。进而预测了材料的损伤状态和应力应变行为。将原始加卸载曲线带入剪滞模型,计算CMCs滑移区分布和应力应变,并与本文提出的方法进行比较,结果表明,两种计算方法计算的结果一致,说明了本文提出的载荷曲线简化方法和滑移区分布计算方法是可行的。     

超声 C 扫描在 C/ SiC 复合材料与钛合金薄板钎焊质量中的应用

通过超声水浸脉冲法对C/SiC复合材料的声阻抗进行测定,结果表明,其声阻抗介于(4.0~4.7)×106kg/m2s之间;未焊合时界面反射系数约为1,焊接良好时界面反射系数介于0.71~0.74之间。为使未焊合时界面反射信号幅度比焊接良好时至少相差6 d B,C扫描检测时应监测二次以上界面反射信号幅度,并采用金相的方法对C扫描结果进行验证,二者一致性较好。     

超塑成形技术研究及其在航空航天上的应用

从超塑成形技术的早期研究入手,综合分析了超塑成形技术的研究现状,包括合金材料、成形设备、陶瓷模具及模拟技术现状等,总结归纳了超塑成形技术在航空航天工业上的应用,重点介绍了EADS-CASA采用SPF或SPF/DB制造发动机零件及外壳零件,以及美国、欧空局、日本制造航天器贮箱的SPF技术,最后探讨了目前国际上超塑成形技术的几个主要研究方向,包括轻质镁合金的超塑成形、用于SPF的搅拌摩擦焊插件以及陶瓷、透明金属的超塑成形技术研究等。