MSC/NASTRAN在复合材料层压板屈曲分析中的应用

介绍了MSC/NASTRAN的特征值屈曲分析的方法,并通过有限元建模样详细说明了-个典型复合材料层压平板屈曲分析算例,与经典复合材料层压板的理论计算结果吻合良好.     

环形编织层板冲击包容数值模拟

为分析航空发动机复合材料机匣对破断叶片的包容,采用有限元仿真方法开展了计算研究。通过旋转体与机匣冲击破坏过程的计算,确定机匣的包容能力。基于具备显式求解功能的商用有限元软件Abaqus/Explicit,采用3维实体单元网格,将2维3轴编织的碳纤维层合材料简化成连续的正交各向异性材料,通过软件提供的Vumat用户子程序接口编写Fortran代码定义材料模型,计算与转轴分离后的模拟断裂叶片对机匣的冲击过程。通过冲击后的临界转速和能量吸收数据,比较了模拟计算与实物旋转冲击模拟试验的结果,二者具有较大的可比性。虽然计算中还缺乏材料基本性能表征的理想数据,但在多种工况下仿真计算表明模拟结果稳定,有望成为复合材料包容分析实用有效的方法。     

基于人工蜂群算法与NURBS的吸附式叶型优化设计

为提高轴流压气机吸附式叶型优化设计的质量,设计了一套基于人工蜂群(ABC)算法和非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的自动优化设计系统.对人工蜂群算法的运行机制进行了深入分析,并与目前广泛使用的遗传算法(GA)进行了对比.对比发现人工蜂群算法可以更好地逼近全局最优值且收敛效率提高50%.使用NURBS对叶型进行参数化,并研究了参数化过程中的畸变问题.将抽吸参数与叶栅参数同时作为优化变量,使用该系统对一吸附式叶栅进行了优化.结果显示:抽吸槽设置在58.44%轴向弦长位置处流动损失下降明显,与优化前未抽吸叶型相比流动损失降低64.8%,气流分离得到有效抑制.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

多重纳米结构轻质高强铝基复合材料的制备和组织性能

为了研究多重纳米结构对块体材料强化和变形能力的影响机制,采用粉末冶金法制备了多重纳米结构的B4C颗粒增强铝基复合材料,并对复合材料的强化和形变破坏机制进行了定量和定性的讨论。由100%球磨复合粉末制备的块体复合材料的室温压缩强度为670MPa;当加入10vol%气雾化态的Al2024粉末后,复合材料的室温压缩强度升高到1.115GPa;之后随着气雾化态Al2024粉末含量的增加,复合材料的强度逐渐下降,但是没有产生明显的塑性变形;当气雾化态Al2024粉末的含量增加到50vol%时,复合材料的压缩强度下降到580MPa,断裂前变形率达到了10%。扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)的分析结果显示,亚微米级的B4C颗粒、位错以及纳米晶基体分别通过Orowan强化、位错强化和细晶强化机制对复合材料进行强化;粗晶Al2024区域与复合结构区域的比例显著影响复合材料的形变及破坏机制。     

TC4-DT钛合金磨削表面特性及其摩擦磨损性能

钛合金是一种典型难磨削加工材料,磨削表面易出现烧伤、裂纹等热损伤。本文开展了TC4-DT钛合金磨削实验,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度仪、金相显微镜及球-盘摩擦磨损实验仪研究了其表面特性及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：低速磨削表面质量好,摩擦磨损性能较基体略提高;当砂轮线速度为80 m/s时,磨削表面质量良好,摩擦系数为0.38,较基体降低40%;而砂轮线速度为100 m/s时,磨削表面出现严重烧伤、网状裂纹。因此选择合理的高速磨削工艺可避免烧伤、裂纹等热损伤缺陷,并可有效改善表面摩擦磨损性能;磨削表面干摩擦磨损机制为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和剥层磨损。     

面内弯曲载荷作用下两边简支两边固支复合材料层合板的屈曲

为扩充航空复合材料结构稳定性设计手段,基于Levy形式级数和有限差分法,提出了面内纯弯曲载荷作用下两边简支两边固支（SSCC）复合材料层合板临界屈曲载荷的数值解法。首先,应用有限差分法将挠度函数进行离散化处理;然后利用边界条件扩充方程组,最后将临界屈曲载荷的求解转化为广义特征值问题。通过数值算例分别在各向同性板和复合材料层合板上验证了本文方法,并与有限元方法（FEM）进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法具有很高的精度,为复合材料层合板的屈曲分析开辟了新的途径。     

压辊材料及形状对纤维铺放压紧效果的影响

近年来纤维铺放（AFP）技术被广泛用于大型复杂飞机复合材料构件成型。为了保证纤维铺放过程的一致性,纤维铺放压辊必须在适应芯模型面的同时具有较好的压紧力分布均匀性。鉴于此,对不同弹性模量的压辊材料进行了试验分析,薄膜压力传感器及超声显微镜测试结果表明,低弹性模量的压辊材料变形较大,较好地适应了芯模表面,压力分布相对均匀且可以减少铺层的层间孔隙数量,硅橡胶压辊比聚乙烯压辊压紧力分布均匀性提高了50%~60%,铺层孔隙率降低了92.1%。针对孔隙分布主要集中在压辊两端及压紧力在压辊两端下降幅度较大的问题,采用ANSYS Workbench对压辊端部进行斜端面优化,得到最优倾斜角度为20°;测试结果表明斜端面压辊压力分布均匀性比直断面压辊提高了42.9%,铺层孔隙率下降了51.6%。     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

苎麻纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料的湿热性能研究

通过模压工艺制备了苎麻纤维织物增强酚醛树脂基复合材料层合板,研究了模压层合板在不同湿热环境下的水吸收与扩散及力学性能。研究表明:在20℃,40℃和60℃三种温度下,相对湿度的上升使层合板瞬时吸湿速率增大很明显,而在50%相对湿度下,温度对层合板的饱和吸水率的影响不大。当吸湿份数在0.5以下时,层合板在50%的相对湿度和20℃,40℃和60℃三种温度下,水扩散系数分别为2.16×10-6cm2/s,2.94×10-6cm2/s和6.61×10-6cm2/s。层合板的力学性能随吸水率的增加而下降。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,层合板力学性能下降的主要原因是水分破坏了纤维和树脂的界面,同时进入纤维的空隙中,影响了复合材料中的应力传递,使复合材料力学性能下降。