“嫦娥4号”中继星应急轨道控制策略设计与分析

"嫦娥4号"中继星作为"嫦娥4号"任务的重要组成部分,不同于其它月球探测器,首次选择绕地月L2平动点运行的Halo轨道以保证为月球背面的着陆器和巡视器提供连续的中继通信服务,这面临诸多技术挑战。基于任务需求和工程约束,梳理了中继星全寿命与轨道控制相关的故障类型,制定了多级应急控制目标,给出了分阶段应急轨道控制方案,提出将Lissajous轨道作为应急备选使命轨道,分析了推进剂消耗、中继测控条件和可行性,研究成果直接应用于中继星任务工程实践。     

钠盐对铝硅合金的变质

采用高纯铝和硅（＞ ９９．９９％ ｗ ｔ）配制Ａｌ－１０％ Ｓｉ二元合金,经三元钠盐变质,研究合金中共晶硅相。结果表明：铝硅合金共晶凝固时,硅相滞后于铝相结晶。进行钠盐变质处理后,共晶凝固时硅相滞后更加明显,并使之由片状转变为纤维状。钠盐变质后的共晶硅中有较多的孪晶,孪晶轴为（１１１）Ｓｉ;孪晶方向为（２１１）Ｓｉ,共晶两相的位向关系符合〔１００〕Ａｌ∥〔１１０〕Ｓｉ。钠盐变质后的共晶硅以孪晶沟槽（ＴＰＲＥ）长大机制进行分枝、细化和弯曲,从而证明孪晶沟槽长大机制是产生变质结构的重要途径。     

Fe3Al基合金拉伸和蠕变性能的改进

研究了合金化对Fe3Al力学性能的影响,结果表明加入微量的Ce对提高Fe3Al基合金室温塑性非常有效果.通过X-射线光电子能谱表层分析证明了微量Ce的加入改变了氧化物的化学组成,从而使试样表面快速钝化.用W,Ni或者Mo,尤其是W与Ni或者W与Mo复合合金化可以使Fe3Al基合金的高温强度和蠕变抗力明显提高.W、Ni或者Mo的加入会明显改善合金的微观组织,它们在合金中能够形成含有W的类似M6C碳化物形式的沉淀相.     

Si3N4/SiC纳米复合材料的制备力学性能及强韧化机理

ＳｉＣ纳米粒子进入Ｓｉ３Ｎ４基体使其力学性能大幅度增高,引起了研究者有大关注,本文评述了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＳｉＣ纳米复合材料的制备工芤及其力学性能,分析了力学性能提高的主要原因,讨论了材料中存在的强化增韧机理。     

1N ADN基推力器瞬态启动性能试验研究

为研究1N ADN基推力器的瞬态启动性能,给推力器在轨使用提供参考,通过设计推力器高空模拟热试车系列工况,研究了催化床不同预热温度、喷注压力、不同寿命阶段推力器的瞬态启动性能,获得不同条件下推力器开机加速性t90指标.结果表明1N ADN基推力器t90随预热温度的上升呈现先减小后增大的趋势;推力器喷注压力降低,t90变大;同时,研究了ADN基 推进剂地面存储时长对推力器的瞬态启动性能的影响,实验结果显示在存贮时间内,推力器t90指标保持稳定.     

基于三维点云重建的助推器位姿估计

助推器分离是运载火箭发射过程中的关键动作之一,常用的激光雷达姿态测量技术在助推器分离阶段受外界干扰严重,难以准确获得位姿。基于视觉的助推器位姿变化测量技术具有优秀的抗干扰能力,通过搭建三维点云重建网络,以图像为输入,三维点云为输出,在构建的助推器分离过程的图像 点云数据上进行了训练和测试,对测试重建的助推器点云使用主成分分析的方法完成了位姿的估算。测试结果表明,所建立的三维点云重建网络可以根据仿真图像数据,精确测量助推器分离阶段的位姿变化,在R2score指标下,对三维坐标的预测分数均在0.98以上,姿态角平均误差约为21°,预测分数则均在0.80以上。     

Al_2O_（3P）／Zn－Al复合材料的硬度与耐磨性能

研究了流变铸造法制备的Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ／Ｚｎ－Ａｌ复合材料硬度和耐磨性能。结果表明Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ的加入，提高了Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金的室温和高温硬度，改善了其耐磨性能。颗粒体积含量增加，或者颗粒粒径的减小都将提高该复合材料的硬度和耐磨性，而试验温度的增加会引起其硬度的迅速降低。不过，Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ的加入显著改善了Ｚｎ－Ａｌ合金耐高温性能。此外，文中还研究了淬火、回火或循环热处理对该复合材料硬度值的影响。     

Radio occultation electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites over the Brazilian region: A comparison with Digisonde data

This study aims to validate the electron density profiles from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites with data from Digisondes in Brazil during the low solar activity period of the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. Data from three Brazilian Digisondes located in Cachoeira Paulista (22.7°S, 45°W), São Luís (2.5°S, 44.2°W) and Fortaleza (3.8°S, 38°W) were used in the comparisons. Only the profiles whose density peak have been obtained near the stations coordinates were chosen for the comparison. Although there is generally good agreement, some cases of discrepancies are observed. Some of these discrepancies cannot be explained simply by the differences in the position and local time of the measurements made by the satellite and the ground-based station. In such cases it is possible that local conditions, such as the presence of a trans-equatorial wind or electron density gradients, could contribute to the observed differences. Comparison of the F2 layer peak parameters, the NmF2 and hmF2, obtained from the two techniques showed that, in general, the agreement for NmF2 is pretty good and the NmF2 has a better correlation than hmF2. Cachoeira Paulista had the worst correlation for hmF2 possibly because this station is situated in the region under the influence of the equatorial ionization anomaly, a region where it is more difficult to apply the RO technique without violating the spherical symmetry condition.     

Metallic and Oxidized Aluminum Debris Impacting the Trailing Edge of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF)

A total of 87 microcraters >30 m in diameter that were found in gold substrates exposed on the trailing edge of the non-spinning Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) yielded analyzable projectile residues in their interiors. Using qualitative SEM-EDS analysis methods, some 60 of these craters were formed by natural cosmic-dust particles, while 27 residues (31%) were assigned to orbital debris (Hörz et al., 1993). The far majority of the orbital-debris impacts, 24 (89%) of the 27 events, contained only aluminum in their X-ray spectra. The present study evaluates these aluminum-rich residues in detail and employs a windowless X-ray detector, which permits for the analysis of low-Z elements and specifically of oxygen. This makes it possible to discriminate between oxidized (Al₂O₃) and metallic (Al) projectiles from dramatically different sources, the former produced during solid-fuel rocket firings, the latter resulting from explosively or collisionally disrupted spacecraft.Of the 24 craters analyzed with the windowless detector, 13 (54%) contained Al₂O₃ and 11 (46%) yielded structurally disintegrated Al metal. The oxidized residues preferentially occur in the smaller craters, all <60 m in diameter. Corresponding particles on LDEF's trailing edge are <35 m in diameter. Some 70% of this particle population is composed of Al₂O₃. Although solid-fuel rocket exhaust products are typically <5 m in size, they tend to coagulate into crusts at the rocket nozzle to be shed occasionally as relatively large, aggregate particles. Structurally disintegrated, metallic fragments compose one-third of all particles <35 m, but they dominate all particles >35 m, and thus all craters >60 m. These findings clearly establish that solid-rocket exhaust particles, as well as explosively or collisionally produced debris, exist in low-inclination, high-eccentricity orbits in sufficient quantities that they must be accounted for in models describing the present and future orbital-debris population at typical Shuttle and Space Station altitudes.     

基于Matlab的FY-4星载扫描辐射计午夜太阳入侵模拟

用Matlab软件建立了动态仿真模型,以分析太阳午夜入侵对风云四号(FY-4)地球静止气象卫星扫描辐射计的影响。给出了仿真算法的流程,介绍算法中太阳光线方向、受照面转换和主镜反射特性计算等难点,并说明为提高效率采用的近似简化和优化处理。计算结果与文献中GOES卫星的实测数据相近,表明该仿真模型可较准确地模拟午夜太阳入侵,所获数据准确。