带第三流路辅助进气的引射喷管流动特性研究

为避免低落压比条件下引射喷管内气流过膨胀,本文研究了第三流路辅助进气门开启状态下引射喷管的内流特性,分析了飞行马赫数为0,主喷管落压比为2.1,次流流动状态分别为回流和顺流对引射喷管流动特性的影响规律,并获得了不同辅助进气门开度下次流通道的最小顺流压比。结果表明：当次流为回流状态时,逐渐增加辅助进气门开度,主流过膨胀程度逐渐降低,第三流路流量的增加使剪切层内动量传递效率提高,引射喷管的推力系数从0.60提升至0.73;当次流为顺流状态时,随着辅助进气门开度的增加,次流流量减少,主流过膨胀程度逐渐增大,第三流路流量的增加使剪切层内动量传递效率降低,推力系数则从0.97下降至0.75。次流为顺流状态时引射喷管的推力系数整体高于次流为回流状态,因此当次流处于顺流状态时引射喷管取得更优的推力性能。但在低马赫数状态下,次流流动极有可能出现倒流,此时适当增加辅助进气门的开度有益于改善推力性能。随着辅助进气门开度逐渐增大,次流的最小顺流压比呈逐渐上升趋势。     

基于高空气流特性的转子发动机进气系统建模与仿真

针对转子发动机进气量难以直接测量的问题,基于某型转子发动机进气系统特点分析,考虑高空气流特性对进气量的影响,建立了转子发动机进气系统均值模型,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件仿真得到不同海拔高度下的进气量脉谱图。仿真结果与试验数据对比分析表明:发动机进气流量及进气管压强的仿真结果与试验数据基本吻合;在节气门开度较大时,节气门开度的变化对进气流量的影响逐渐减弱;所建转子发动机进气模型精度高,可用于转子发动机进气量的仿真计算。     

晶须和短纤维混杂增强铝基复合材料研究

简要介绍了ＳｉＣ晶须和Ａｌ２Ｏ３短纤维混杂增强铝基复合材料的制造工艺，并对材料的力学性能进行了测试，对金相组织和扫描断口进行了观察。结果表明，用该工艺制造出增强剂分布均匀的复合材料，材料的性能尤其是抗拉强度有了较大幅度的提高，复合材料中晶短纤维的增强机理明显不同，该材料有望在大功率发动机上得到应用。     

二维埋入式进气道的数值分析

采用并改进了适用于分离流动的 Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｋｉｎｇ 紊流模型,结合 Ｌ ＵＳ Ｇ Ｓ近似隐式格式和基于 Ｍ Ｕ Ｓ Ｃ Ｌ非线性插值的 Ｒｏｅ 格式编写了雷诺平均的二维 Ｎ-Ｓ方程的求解程序。然后借助于该流场计算程序完成了二维埋入式进气道的数值研究,分析了几何设计参数对进气道性能的影响。     

太阳电池空间标定技术初探

随着各种新型空间太阳电池的发展和应用,在地面使用太阳模拟器对AMO标准太阳电池进行标定的方法在理论和实践上都遇到了严重的困难,最能反映其实际使用状态的空间标定成为解决问题的理想方案。国外太阳电池空间标定技术已十分成熟,主要航天国家如美国、欧洲、日本、巴西等都进行了各自的空间标定实验。北京东方计量测试研究所进行了太阳电池空间标定原理样机的研制工作。样机由太阳电池板、数据采集与处理模块、太阳敏感器和温度传感器组成,可同时对32路国产砷化镓多结太阳电池进行短路电流的测量,电流测试的标准不确定度小于0.5%(最佳点)。此项研究将形成标准太阳电池空间标定的完整方案,促进我国新型空间太阳电池的研究和应用。     

适应飞机需求的进气预冷技术路线分析

为了综合评价高超飞机用高Ma的涡轮发动机及其组合动力的预冷技术方案,从工程应用角度以飞机动力需求为牵引,开展了射流预冷、超临界氦强预冷和燃油强预冷技术方案的对比分析。针对3种预冷技术方案的原理、技术优势、存在的问题,以及适应飞机需求的标志性技术指标开展分析和评估,从跨速域时性能、技术难度及风险、付出的成本代价和周期,以及发展前景等方面开展了综合分析。结果表明：从满足产品需求的角度出发,与超临界氦强预冷和燃油强预冷技术方案相比,射流预冷技术装置结构简单、可靠性高、总压损失小、可与进气道高度集成、供水量适度,以及涡轮发动机本身提供的功率足以驱动射流预冷系统无需额外能源,是目前涡轮发动机扩包线的较优方案。     

Improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered surfaces

Because space-borne radiometers do not measure the Earth’s outgoing fluxes directly, angular distribution models (ADMs) are required to relate actual radiance measurement to flux at given solar angle, satellite-viewing geometries, surface, and atmospheric conditions. The conversion of one footprint broad-band radiance into the corresponding flux requires therefore one to first characterize each footprint in terms of surface type and cloud cover properties to properly select the adequate ADM.

A snow (and sea-ice) retrieval technique based on spectral measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat 8 is presented. It has been developed to improve the scene identification and thus the ADM selection in the near-real time processing of the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data at the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered scene types resulting from angular conversion using dedicated snow ADMs (e.g., empirical snow ADMs and/or pre-computed theoretical snow ADM) instead of empirical snow-free ADMs is discussed.     

不连续增强镁基复合材料的制备与应用

综述了不连续增强镁基复合材料的制备工艺及特点，介绍了其应用情况，展望了其发展前景。     

Usage of pre-flight data in short rendezvous mission of Soyuz-TMA spacecrafts

The paper describes the reduction of the vehicle autonomous flight duration before docking to the ISS. The Russian Soyuz-TMA spacecraft dock to the ISS two days after launch. Due to the limited volume inside Soyuz-TMA the reduction of time until docking to the ISS is very important, since the long stay of the cosmonauts in the limited volume adds to the strain of the space flight. In the previous papers of the authors it was shown that the existing capabilities of Soyuz-TMA, the ISS and the ground control loop make it possible to transfer to the five-orbit rendezvous profile. However, the analysis of the cosmonauts' schedule on the launch day shows that its duration is at the allowable limit and that is why it is necessary to find a way to further reduce the flight duration of Soyuz-TMA before docking to less than five orbits. In a traditional rendezvous profile, the calculation of rendezvous burns begins only after determination of the actual vehicle insertion orbit. The paper describes an approach in which the first two rendezvous burns are performed as soon as the spacecraft reaches the reference orbit and the values of the burns are calculated prior to the launch based on the pre-flight data for the nominal insertion. This approach decreases the duration of the rendezvous by one orbit. The demonstration flight of a Progress vehicle using the proposed profile was implemented on August 1, 2012 and completely confirmed the correctness of the imbedded principles. The paper considers the possible improvements of the proposed approach and recovery from the contingencies.     

S型进气道沿程结冰参数变化的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉法,对低来流马赫数和大气结冰条件下S型进气道沿程的空气-过冷水滴两相流场进行了数值计算,获得了进气道沿程和出口面上结冰参数的分布和变化特征.计算结果表明:当来流马赫数从0.1增加到0.5时,进气道入口处附近相对于来流的气动降温从6K增大到17K左右,进气道出口面上的温度畸变指数逐渐增大,液态水含量畸变指数先急剧增大后缓慢减小,在研究范围内来流马赫数为0.2时液态水含量畸变值达到最大.