一种新的有限长等截面航空发动机短舱声学模型及数值结果

基于航空发动机短舱声学设计的需要,发展一种与以往工作不同的有限长管道声学模型声场的计算方法——直接边界元和传递单元法相结合。本方法对管道内部几何条件和声衬的敷设情况有更少的限制,可以很好地用于分段声衬的优化设计,并且提供求解有限长变截面管道声学模型的基础。     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

CE/SE法模拟爆震波点火及传播过程

运用时空守恒元和解元(CE/SE)法模拟一维爆震波的形成及传播过程,分析产生爆震波的不同机理和DDT(爆燃-爆震转捩)过程的影响因素.采取激波点火和热点点火两种点火方式,分别对应SDT(激波-爆震转捩)和DDT过程,热点点火初始场采用线性温度分布和阶梯性温度分布,整个管道均为常压.用隐式梯形方法实现刚性源项积分.结果表明,SDT和DDT对应于不同的爆震波机理,并且DDT受点火区不同参数的影响,为研究爆震波点火和DDT过程提供了理论依据.     

Fe/O Ratios in Interplanetary Shock Accelerated Particles

It is widely accepted that diffusive shock acceleration is an important process in the heliosphere, in particular in producing the energetic particles associated with interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. In its simplest formulation shock acceleration is expected to accelerate ions with higher mass to charge ratios less efficiently than those with lower mass to charge. Thus it is anticipated that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ion populations will decrease with increasing energy above some energy. We examine the circumstances of five interplanetary shocks that have been reported to have associated populations in which Fe/O increases with increasing energy. In each event, the situation is complex, with particle contributions from other sources in addition to the shock. Furthermore, we show that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ions can decrease even when the shock is traveling through an Fe-rich ambient ion population. Thus, although shock acceleration of an Fe-rich suprathermal population has been proposed to explain large Fe-rich solar particle events, we find no support for this proposal in these observations.     

圆管内表面周向三维裂纹应力强度因子的新解法

对圆管内表面周向三维裂纹应力强度因子的求解,发展了传统的能量差率方法,同时研究了新兴的双重边界元理论,并运用这两种新解法,分别获得了关于裂纹张开位移的伯努利方程的半数值半工程封闭解和基于非连续裂尖奇异单元离散的应力强度因子数值解。并讨论了应力强度因子与裂纹形状a/c及裂纹深度a的关系,两者比较分析发现,其计算结果规律是一致的,且能量差率方法更保守,也更安全。     

基于SIMULINK的超声速进气道仿真方法

将进气道一维流动的偏微分方程离散为一系列可积分的线性常微分方程,基于此创建了超声速进气道仿真模型,提出了一种基于SIMULINK的进气道仿真方法,模拟了来流参数和燃烧室反压扰动时流场内各个参数的变化规律。对一个一维变几何超声速进气道进行仿真,获得了结尾正激波的稳态特性及动态特性。该模型定义并输出了激波位置,有效地将一维超声速进气道的分布参数问题转换为零维问题,解决了系统分析与控制系统设计中无法实现集总参数的困难。     

旋转爆轰流场的数值模拟

基于带化学反应的二维Euler方程,采用氢气-空气的9组分19步基元反应简化模型,对充有当量比的氢气-空气预混气和空气的环形旋转爆轰流场,从点火燃烧到发展成旋转爆轰的过程进行了数值模拟。根据数值结果分析了波后流场中爆轰产物受激波、高温和离心力等作用而挤向外壁,形成有利于充入燃料,实现持续稳定旋转爆轰的流场特征。还讨论流场中爆轰波、激波与间断面和内外壁面反射或折射,从而形成多个激波相交的波系特征。为认识和理解旋转爆轰流场,开展旋转爆轰的实验研究等具有现实的指导意义。     

静叶片时序效应对压气机叶片非定常气动负荷的影响

采用数值方法对两级低速压气机中径处的流场进行非定常模拟。研究第二排静叶在两个典型周向位置上的叶片气动负荷,分析各列叶栅气动负荷的非定常波动以及静叶时序效应对叶栅气动负荷的影响。对各列叶栅的非定常气动力和气动力矩进行频谱分析,探讨叶列间的非定常气动干扰。结果表明,时序效应对静叶片气动负荷的影响明显高于动叶片的。时序效应能够提高压气机的性能与叶片寿命.      

基于Euler方程结合附面层修正方法的应用研究

采用欧拉加附面层修正的方法在结构网格上对民用飞机翼身组合体流场进行了数值模拟研究.采用一种适合翼身组合体模型的的网格生成技术来生成计算用的结构网格,该技术是先采用一种基于Higenstock源项修正的椭圆型偏微分方程生成二维网格,然后沿机身轴向合理的光滑性调整成三维网格.在求解Euler方程时采用中心离散格式和显式时间推进,并利用附面层修正的方法来考虑粘性的影响.为了验证此方法的正确性,本文对DLR-F4翼身组合体进行了数值模拟,结果表明此方法和试验结果能够很好的吻合.     

气流出口型面对凹面腔内激波聚焦起爆的影响

为提高两级脉冲爆震发动机工作的可靠性,探寻强化凹面腔内激波聚焦起爆爆震波的方法,通过数值模拟,采用氢气作为燃料、空气作为氧化剂,探讨了3种凹面腔气流出口型面及出口面积对激波聚焦起爆的影响。结果表明:采用垂直出口壁面有助于提高凹面腔内的激波聚焦起爆压力和温度,使起爆时刻提前,随着出口面积的减小,激波聚焦峰值压力有较大的提高;但效果不如垂直壁面,随着倾斜壁面出口面积减小,起爆点的压力和温度只有小幅度增加,起爆时刻基本无变化;采用弧形出口壁面,不能对向凹面腔底部传播的激波产生反射强化作用,不能有效起爆爆震波。对比3种出口壁面型面,垂直壁面能更有利于凹面腔内的能量聚集,强化激波聚焦起爆爆震波。