Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy. For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process, in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube, ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves. Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending, rigid mandrel retracting and specially twice-springback stages, and the springback of fillers, the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different. Therefore, based on the ABAQUS platform, the finite element models (FEM) for H-typed bending, mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated. It is found that, for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves, retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction. The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly, which should be emphasized. But the second springback only increases them by less amount, which can be ignored. The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

舰载直升机理论风限图飞行模拟获取方法

获取舰载直升机实用风限图,仅依靠实装飞行试验或建模仿真都是非常困难的。通过起降飞行模拟试验获取理论风限图,结合少量的海上实装飞行验证试验是一种综合较优的方法。起降飞行模拟试验需要真实飞行员和高等级飞行模拟器参与,飞行模拟器中的母舰气流场数据、母舰运动可由建模仿真或试验测试得到,且必须考虑母舰气流场的非定场特性;只有当飞行员视景或视觉反馈受限时(如能见度降低时),飞行模拟器基座的六自由度运动才是必需的;用DIPES或Bedford方法量化飞行员主观操纵负担,结合记录的客观操纵数据,评判起降难度;典型的飞行模拟试验程序包含了不同风况下的进近和甲板着舰,通常每隔15°和5kn一个风况。通过起降飞行模拟试验得到的理论风限图,可以更加有效和安全地指导海上实装飞行验证试验,最终获得实用风限图。     

A swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps

In order to apply the air fin successfully and ensure the maneuverability of hypersonic vehicle, a key problem to be studied urgently is the heat flux brought by the fin mounting gap. The appearance of mounting gap and fin shaft can induce many complex flow structures which need more attentions to be investigated. Under Ma 6, Nano-tracer-based Planar Laser Scattering (NPLS) and Temperature Sensitive Paints (TSP) were applied to visualize and measure transient flow structures and heat flux distribution of a swept fin-induced flow field with different height mounting gaps. Complementarily, Reynolds-averaged N-S equations were solved with k-ω SST turbulent model. The heat flux distribution results of numerical simulation and TSP observed the change of high heat flux region with different mounting gap, both in position and magnitude. The streamlines based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and flow visualization results obtained by NPLS revealed the cause of high heat flux region. The high heat flux region in this flow field is mainly related to the reattachment of vortex and flow stagnation. The increase of gap height can lead to stronger gap overflow and shaft-induced horseshoe vortex, which are source of the high heat flux around the fin. The case with the highest mounting gap (4 mm) en-counters the most severe aerodynamic heating, both on the surface of fin and plate. Thus, under the premise of ensuring the flexibility of the fin, the gap should be set as small as possible.     

2.4米跨声速风洞大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究

针对大展弦比飞机的气动布局特点,在2.4米跨声速风洞中开展了大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究。该项研究建立了大升阻比高精度天平设计技术和模型支撑系统设计平台,研制了专用大升阻比高精度测力天平和模型支撑系统。在国内高速风洞中建立了大型跨声速风洞模型设计新准则。研究结果表明:所提出和制定的方案是科学合理的,为我国大飞机研制提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

台风多发区复杂场地设计风荷载参数比较

确定长大、高耸柔性结构设计风速是抗风设计的首要内容。对于我国东南沿海椒江入海口复杂场地条件,由周边气象站历史风速风向资料统计分析表明,利用规范建议的极值分布概型预测重现期设计风速存在不合理性,台风登陆衰减效应导致临近工程场地多个气象站极值风速预测结果差别较大,采用线性回归方法加权换算工程场地设计风速可以较为合理地定义结构设计基本风速。参考长三角地区Monte-Carlo台风随机模拟结果,进一步有针对性地分析了不同气候模式风环境参数取值对于结构风荷载取值的影响。     

双层壳型涡轮叶片中冲击旋流换热增益效果试验

以双层壳型涡轮叶片内冷通道中旋流换热特性为研究对象,采用热膜法,对双层壳型冷却结构中的狭小受限通道中,旋流作用下换热特性的变化规律开展了细致的试验研究。重点分析了冷却空气的旋流作用对换热的强化增益效果。试验中通过改变冲击Re数(10 000～20 000),冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比H/D(0.35～1.7)等参数,研究了其对旋流的形成及内表面局部换热系数的影响规律。研究发现:由于双层壳型叶片内冷通道的空间受限,冷却空气在通道内形成了旋流结构,该旋流结构显著影响了内表面的局部换热系数并可以有效提高换热效果。研究结果表明:内表面局部换热系数对冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比H/D最为敏感,对于不同冲击Re数,存在一个最佳的H/D使得旋流换热增益效果达到最大(Re=10 000时,最佳H/D为0.95;Re=15 000,20 000,最佳H/D=0.63)。     

基于激波控制的流体推力矢量喷管试验

以二元收扩喷管为对象,开展了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量技术研究。基于试验研究,得到了不同喷管落压比、不同的二次流总压比和不同的二次流喷射角度多种工况下的喷管上下壁面中心线压力分布规律以及喷管壁面油流分布图。通过对不同工况下参数变化规律分析,给出了基于二次流喷射的流体推力矢量喷管的主次流气动参数及几何参数对流体推力矢量喷管流场结构和性能影响的关联关系。从试验和分析结果可以看出,喷管落压比、二次流总压比和二次流喷射角度等喷管的主次流气动几何参数对基于流体推力矢量喷管参数变化有明显的影响。     

试验数据中不确定参数的修正方法研究

采用Kriging方法和CFD技术对风洞试验中的不确定参数——马赫数和迎角进行修正研究。以RAE2822翼型的试验数据作为研究对象,在不确定参数的变化区域内,分别建立以升阻力和压力分布为目标的函数,并采用Kriging方法对函数值进行插值,得到CFD结果和试验值的吻合较好的不确定参数值,以达到对试验参数修正的目的。计算结果说明方法对数值模拟结果精度的提高有一定的研究和应用价值。     

某小型边条翼无人飞机的气动参数估算及风洞试验分析

根据自主飞行技术要求,对试验载荷飞机的气动布局进行设计论证。在低雷诺数下,通过风洞试验对所设计的微小型边条翼飞行器进行气动性能的评估,得到有效的气动参数。针对风洞对阻力系数测量偏大的弊端以及在低雷诺数下风洞数据在绝对量值上的不精确,利用前人已有的经验公式与处理方法创新性的对风洞数据进行处理,从小迎角范围中选用一些相对合理的参数,对经验公式及结果进行修正,得到更为合理的控制辨识参数,为无人飞行器提供可靠的参数保障,以实现小型飞机的自主飞行。