Reflection of a moving shock wave over an oblique shock wave

The reflection of a moving shock wave over a wedge immersed in a still gas and the reflection of a wedge induced steady shock wave over symmetrical and asymmetrical reflecting surfaces have received intensive considerations since more than 70 years ago. Here we consider a different shock reflection problem—reflection of a moving shock wave over an initially steady oblique shock wave induced by a wedge immersed in supersonic flow. For the flow condition we considered, five moving triple points, with each connecting an incident shock wave, a reflected shock wave and a Mach stem, are identified. By using the reference frame co-moving with each triple point, the type of each shock wave of this triple point is clarified. The present study is significant in that it treats a new shock reflection problem leading to a new shock reflection configuration and showing potential applications in supersonic flow with unsteady shock interaction.     

Influence of shock wave impinging region on supersonic film cooling

Shock waves can significantly affect the film cooling for supersonic flow and shock waves may have different influence when impinging in different regions. The present study numerically compared the results of shock wave impinging in three different regions and analyzed the effect of impinging region. The shock wave generators were located at x/s = 5, 25, 45 with 4°, 7° and 10° shock wave incidence. The mainstream Mach number was 3.2 and the coolant Mach number was 1.2 or 1.5. The numerical results illustrated that the shock wave impinged in the further upstream region led to a larger high-pressure region and a larger vortex in the boundary layer. Moreover, placing the shock wave generator upstream resulted in the lower mass fraction of coolant in the downstream region. The velocity in the upstream part of the cooling layer was lower than the midstream and downstream part, which resulted in the less ability to resist the shock wave impingement. Therefore, the upstream impingement deteriorated the cooling performance to a greater extent. The study also manifested that the stronger shock wave had a larger effect on supersonic film cooling. Increasing the coolant inlet Mach number can increase the blowing ratio and reduce the mixing, which was of benefit to improve cooling effect.     

温敏漆技术及其在边界层转捩测量中的应用

A temperature sensitive paint (TSP) technique is developed for the request of boundary layer transition measurement, and a test of hypersonic boundary layer measurement of a flat plate is done in CARDC 0.6m shock tunnel. By use of the TSP technique, the measurement of the hypersonic boundary layer transition of slab has been done in the shock tunnel. The test nominal Mach numbers are 8 and 10, the unit Reynolds numbers are 2.45×10 7/m and 4.48× 10 6/m respectively, and the yaw angle is 20°. The data of heat transfer and transition position obtained by the TSP and measurement results of the thin film heat transfer sensor match well. The results illustrate that the TSP technique has the ability to measure the hypersonic boundary layer transition of simple model qualitatively and quantitatively in shock tunnel.     

具有凹陷涡发生器的网格冷却结构内的流动与传热特性

对一种具有U 形子通道以及凹陷涡发生器的新型网格冷却结构内的流动和传热特性进行了实验和数值计算研究,通过数值计算可以较准确地获得网格冷却结构的传热性能和流阻性能.在数值计算模型得到验证的基础上,还分别对具有U 形子通道和凹陷涡发生器的网格冷却结构,以及具有U 形和矩形子通道的网格冷却结构内的流动和传热性能进行了对比研究.对比研究表明:与矩形子通道相比,U 形子通道结构能够改善子通道底部的流动状况,降低流动阻力,但同时也略微降低了总体传热性能;在U 形子通道壁面上布置凹陷涡发生器能够显著增强底部流动扰动,大幅提高传热性能,但同时也增加了流动阻力.      

Corrosion Resistance of Ni-P Composite Coating on Mg Alloy： Critical Role of the Intermediate Phosphate Conversion Coating Layer for Suppressing Galvanic Couple Formation

Electroless nickel (EN) plating can give rise to the severe galvanic corrosion of the magnesium (Mg) alloy matrix, owing to its nobler electrochemical potential than Mg alloy. To hinder the formation of galvanic couple, an intermediate phosphate conversion coating (PCC) layer is introduced between the EN layer and the Mg alloy matrix. Since the ceramic-like PCC layer cannot be catalyzed, a low-cost Ag-activation technique is used to process the PCC layer before electroless plating. The cross-section morphology and element distribution of the PCC-EN composite coating indicate that the PCC intermediate layer can effectively separate the Mg alloy from the EN layer. Moreover, the results of electrochemical tests suggest that the PCC-EN composite coating has a better corrosion resistance in comparison with the EN coating and AZ91D Mg alloy.     

Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Modified Aluminide Coating on Ni3Al-based Single Crystal Superalloy

Al, Al-Si and Cr-Al-Si coatings are prepared onto IC20 alloy by powder pack cementation to improve the oxidation resistance of the alloy. The isothermal oxidation behaviors of the coatings and the uncoated IC20 alloy at 1 100 °C are comparatively investigated. For the coatings, less weight gains are obtained compared to the uncoated alloy after 100 h thermal exposure. The Al-Si coating exhibits the best oxidation resistance, while the addition of Cr accelerates the scale spallation. Phase transformation from β-NiAl to γ and γ′ occurs in the coating after oxidation for extended periods. The oxidation protection and degradation mechanisms for these coatings are discussed.     

原子氧对紫外光固化有机硅环氧树脂的作用

通过对光固化有机硅环氧树脂进行地面模拟原子氧效应试验,利用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线 光电子能谱（XPS）等分析了试验前后试样的质量损失、表面形貌和表面成分等的变化。研 究结果表明,有机硅环氧树脂经紫外光固化后,试样表面被部分氧化,硅氧主链结构中的－ R（甲基或苯基）侧基被不完全氧化成含O的基团结构。在7.43×10 15 atoms／
cm 2·s通量的原子氧暴露8h试验后,试样表面形成一层氧化硅（SiOx）膜,膜 中含65％的SiO2,有助于防止原子氧对材料的进一步侵蚀。     

月球探测器软着陆机构着陆腿模型与仿真分析

给出了着陆动力学分析的数学模型,并在分析铝蜂窝材料缓冲特性的基础上,建立了 铝蜂窝缓冲器模型,将其应用于软着陆机构单条着陆腿冲击仿真。仿真结果表明,该模型在 缓冲行程、能量吸收及缓冲后加速度响应峰值等方面与试验结果基本一致。为软着陆机构着 陆冲击动力学分析时铝蜂窝建模提供参考。     

微阵列射流冲击肋化表面传热特性研究

本文以去离子水为工质,对微阵列射流冲击光滑和肋化表面的传热特性进行了实验研究,并以光滑表面传热性能为基准,讨论了肋化表面强化因子(ε)变化规律。实验结果表明：(1) 浸没和自由射流的传热系数均受无量纲射流距离(H/d)影响;提高射流Re数和减小无量纲孔间距(S/d)都能够增强换热。(2)浸没射流ε受H/d影响大,而自由射流ε基本不受H/d影响;两种射流方式的ε都随Re数增大,且渐趋于一个常数。(3)对流热阻在各种射流情况下均随流量不断下降,但下降趋势逐渐平缓,当流量大到一定时,热阻基本不再降低。     

合金元素Al对Cr-20Nb合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

采用机械合金化＋热压烧结工艺制备了掺杂合金元素Al的Cr-20Nb合金,研究Al对Cr-20Nb合金在1100℃和1200℃下高温抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,合金元素Al能促进Cr-20Nb合金氧化时生成AlNbO4复合型氧化物,该复合型氧化物能有效抑制Cr2O3,的挥发反应,从而改善Cr2O3,氧化层的致密性,并提高氧化膜的粘附性,导致合金抗氧化性显著提高。不同Al含量的Cr-20Nb合金氧化增重均近似于抛物线规律。