Radio emissions from the outer heliosphere

For nearly fifteen years the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft have been detecting an unusual radio emission in the outer heliosphere in the frequency range from about 2 to 3 kHz, Two major events have been observed, the first in 1983–84 and the second in 1992–93. In both cases the onset of the radio emission occurred about 400 days after a period of intense solar activity, the first in mid-July 1982, and the second in May–June 1991. These two periods of solar activity produced the two deepest cosmic ray Forbush decreases ever observed. Forbush decreases are indicative of a system of strong shocks and associated disturbances propagating outward through the heliosphere. The radio emission is believed to have been produced when this system of shocks and disturbances interacted with one of the outer boundaries of the heliosphere, most likely in the vicinity of the the heliopause. The emission is believed to be generated by the shock-driven Langmuir-wave mode conversion mechanism, which produces radiation at the plasma frequency (f _p ) and at twice the plasma frequency (2f _p ). From the 400-day travel time and the known speed of the shocks, the distance to the interaction region can be computed, and is estimated to be in the range from about 110 to 160 AU.Abbreviations PWS Plasma Wave Subsystem - AU Astronomical Unit - DSN Deep Space Network - NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration - GMIR Global Merged Interaction Region - MHD Magnetohydrodynamic - CME coronal mass ejection - f _p plasma frequency - R radial distance - AGC automatic gain control     

差动式激光多普勒技术在冲击校准测试中的应用

本文介绍了利用差动式激光多普勒技术实现高加速冲击校准的原理、方法和实际的光学系统。     

高温壁面热流与温度一体化测量传感器研究

为了测量超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的热环境,从Gardon热流计原理出发,发展了一套水冷热流/壁温一体化测量技术。采用热阻分析方法,对传感器的热结构进行了分析与优化设计。测试了多种隔热与外壳材料对传感器响应特性的影响。通过辐射加热方式对传感器进行了标定,获得了热流/电压、壁温/热流的标定曲线。采用该传感器,在模拟马赫数6、总温1800K的来流条件下,对超声速燃烧室的热环境进行了初步测量,获得了与传热分析相一致的结果。     

基于存储测试技术的强冲击波测量系统的设计与应用

针对有线式测量系统在弹药静爆威力试验中存在的问题,提出了一种基于存储测试技术的解决方案,描述了按照该方案研制的强冲击波测量系统的系统组成、结构和工作原理,并结合弹药静爆试验证明了该方案的可行性。     

非晶态NiSiB薄膜电阻的弛豫

用射频溅射制备了一组厚度不同的NiSiB非晶态薄膜.在不同温度下,用不同时间对薄膜进行了循环退火.实验测量了循环退火后的薄膜电阻随温度的变化,得到可逆和不可逆两组曲线.厚度较大(>1 000)的薄膜,电阻随温度的增加而增大,厚度较小(<400)的薄膜,电阻随温度的增加而减小.电阻温度系数有正有负.从非晶态材料的结构弛豫出发,应用激活能谱模型和推广的Ziman理论讨论了实验所得的结果.     

Magnetogasdynamic shock wave generated by a moving piston in a rotational axisymmetric isothermal flow of perfect gas with variable density

The propagation of a strong cylindrical shock wave in an ideal gas with azimuthal magnetic field, and with or without axisymmetric rotational effects, is investigated. The shock wave is driven out by a piston moving with time according to power law. The ambient medium is assumed to have radial, axial and azimuthal component of fluid velocities. The fluid velocities, the initial density and the initial magnetic field of the ambient medium are assumed to be varying and obey power laws. Solutions are obtained, when the flow between the shock and the piston is isothermal. The gas is assumed to have infinite electrical conductivity and the angular velocity of the ambient medium is assumed to be decreasing as the distance from the axis increases. It is expected that such an angular velocity may occur in the atmospheres of rotating planets and stars. The shock wave moves with variable velocity and the total energy of the wave is non-constant. The effects of variation of the initial density and the Alfven-Mach number on the flow-field are obtained. A comparison is also made between rotating and non-rotating cases.     

Mo-Si-B三元系金属间化合物超高温结构材料研究进展

Mo-Si-B三元系金属间化合物合金具有高熔点,存在韧脆转变,且有良好的高温抗氧化性和相对低的密度,是极具潜力的超高温结构材料;但是也存在低温脆性大,高于1 300 ℃时高温强度尤其抗蠕变能力不足的缺点,阻碍 了其应用。本文从制备工艺、组织结构、高温抗氧化性能、力学性能和合金化等几个方面综述了T2,Moss+Mo3Si+T2和T1+T2+Mo3Si三个相区合金的研究现状。并且指出,原位合成制 备技术和“少量多元”合金化是Mo-Si-B三元系合金未来的发展方向。     

2198铝合金硫酸-己二酸阳极氧化膜耐蚀性

以2198铝-锂合金为研究对象,在硫酸-己二酸电解质溶液中进行阳极氧化,并对氧化后的试样进行沸水封闭处理。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对氧化膜的表面和截面的形貌进行观察。通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、塔菲尔(Tafel)曲线和浸泡实验来分析阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性能。结果表明铝-锂合金在阳极氧化过程中由于含铜合金相的影响,形成的氧化膜孔洞不完整出现连通现象;电化学测试结果表明封闭之后的氧化膜的耐蚀性明显提高,并且随着浸泡时间的延长拟合等效电路发生改变,同时多孔层和阻挡层的阻抗值在降低,说明在浸泡的过程中氧化膜的结构发生改变,耐蚀性降低。      

GCr15钢离子注入表面改性研究

对航空轴承用钢ＧＣｒ１５进行了硼离子、氮离子及其复合注入试验。利用扫描电镜和Ｘ射线衍射仪对注入层的组织结构进行了分析，并测试了注入层的硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性。结果表明：ＧＣｒ１５离子注入层形成了多种弥散相和非晶相，表层的残余奥氏体含量也有所减少。表层的硬度、耐磨性以及耐蚀性经离子注入后明显增加。