无人机雷达散射截面的数值模拟及突防分析

用数值模拟的方法获得了无人机雷达散射截面的空间分布，建立了无人机突防的数学模型，并对其突防能力进行了分析。     

基于IDDES方法和γ-Re_θ转捩模型的粗糙颗粒诱导高速边界层强制转捩模拟

采用γ-Re_θ转捩模型与IDDES (Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation)相结合的方法对BAM6QT (Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel)中的马赫6来流条件下粗糙颗粒诱导转捩情况进行了数值模拟研究,通过与试验测量的压力脉动均方根值、脉动主频和边界层内的皮托压分布的定量对比及与文献中DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation)流场结构的定性对比,表明该方法可以捕捉粗糙单元诱导出的流向涡,能够模拟颗粒前缘分离激波和弓形激波之间的震荡现象,能够模拟流向涡向下游的发展失稳过程及其脉动发展过程。计算结果表明流向涡结构在粗糙颗粒下游40倍颗粒直径位置开始破碎,非定常扰动能也在该点附近增长达到最大值。粗糙单元诱导出了明显的条带涡结构,其中低速条带处于边界层上层,在向下游发展的过程中逐渐扩散至边界层外缘并耗散掉。高速条带位于边界层底部,在向下游发展的同时往展向两侧拓展,最终展向上多条高速条带接触并互相耦合,导致最后条带涡结构的破碎和尾迹区边界层的转捩。     

复合材料孔隙超声反射法和穿透法检测对比分析

采用超声反射法和超声穿透法对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板进行孔隙缺陷检测与孔隙率数值评估。通过工艺偏离的方法制备不同孔隙级差的检测试样,采用超声反射法与超声穿透法对该批试样进行检测,得到不同级差孔隙缺陷对应的超声检测波形和成像检测结果,并基于声波衰减幅度对孔隙率进行量化评估。结果表明:孔隙率在0.0%~3.0%之间时,两种超声检测方法的评估结果相吻合,超声反射法对微米级孔隙缺陷或低孔隙级差具备更高的检测灵敏度;超声穿透法对高孔隙率级差或大厚度或高衰减材料的复合材料制件提供更高的超声穿透能力。     

Nonplanar electron acoustic shock waves

The properties of cylindrical and spherical electron acoustic shock waves (EASWs) in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of cold electrons, immobile ions and Boltzmann distributed hot electrons are investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. A Korteweg–de Vries Burgers (KdVB) equation is derived and its numerical solution is obtained. The effects of several parameters and ion kinematic viscosity on the basic features of EA shock waves are discussed in nonplanar geometry. It is found that nonplanar EA shock waves behave quite differently from their one-dimensional planar counterpart.     

隔热层厚度和数量对太空多层光学窗口温度分布的影响

 航天器上常安装有用于科学观察的多层光学窗口,其温度分布的均匀性会影响成像质量。运用射线踪迹-节点分析法的任意多层镜反射辐射与导热耦合换热模型,研究了隔热层厚度及数量对太空中多层光学窗口温度分布的影响。光学窗口的吸收系数、折射率随波长的变化用一组矩形谱带来近似。研究显示太空中热辐射在光学窗口的冷却过程中起着非常重要的作用,在离玻璃层表面附近很薄的一层玻璃介质内,辐射与导热存在强烈的耦合作用。隔热层厚度越薄,其内的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量。隔热层数量越多,光学窗口各层玻璃的温度分布越均匀,有利于提高成像质量,但是隔热层最佳数量的确定还需综合考虑其它因素。     

冲击试验条件的转换方法及其应用

对冲击试验条件的转换方法进行了研究。利用从频域响应谱到时域激励信号的不唯一性,由小波合成法构造足够数量满足响应谱试验规范的时域激励信号,并施加到单机的有限元模型。用MSC．NASTRAN软件仿真计算单机中元器件安装位置处的响应。统计响应样本,获得在一定概率条件下元器件可能出现的响应峰值。将该峰值作为元器件冲击试验的半正弦波幅值,并以元器件产生最大响应的激励持续时间作为元器件冲击试验的作用时间参数,实现冲击试验条件的转换。给出了一个单机模型的冲击试验条件转换实例。     

目标姿态对空间目标辐射特性影响及探测技术

空间目标特性的研究是开展空间目标探测的重要基础。研究了目标姿态对空间目标辐射特性的影响,建立了相关的物理模型。在工程应用方面,对这种影响作为目标探测依据的可行性进行了分析,并提出了一套针对目标灰度变化的探测算法,为物理仿真系统的建立和探测载荷的研制奠定了基础。     

High-speed unsteady flows past two-body configurations

This paper presents a detailed investigation of unsteady supersonic flows around a typical two-body configuration, which consists of a capsule and a canopy. The cases with different trailing distances between the capsule and canopy are simulated. The objective of this study is to examine the detailed effects of trailing distance on the flow fields and analyze the flow physics of the different flow modes around the parachute-like two-body model. The computational results show unsteady pulsating flow fields in the small trailing distance cases and are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. As the trailing distance increases, this unsteady flow mode takes different forms along with the wake/shock and shock/shock interactions, and then gradually fades away and transits to oscillate mode, which is very different from the former. As the trailing distance keeps increasing, only the capsule wake/canopy shock interaction is present in the flow field around the two-body model, which reveals that the unsteady capsule shock/canopy shock interaction is a key mechanism for the pulsation mode.     

Influence of shock attenuation on tailored operation in free piston shock tunnels

The free piston shock tunnel is a type of shock tunnel with high performance. For this type of tunnel, the influence mechanism of shock wave attenuation on tailored operation is explored by numerical simulation and theoretical analysis. By introducing the normalized velocity, the simple constraint equation for shock wave under the tailored operation is deduced. Moreover, the real gas effect is also taken into account in this equation. Based on the equation, the tailored operation of shock tunnels can be predicted with very few calculations. The present study shows that the change rate of the thermodynamic state of the gas behind the shock wave is inconsistent with the attenuation rate of the shock wave, which is the fundamental reason why the wind tunnel achieves tailored operation at a lower Mach number of shock waves. This lower Mach number of shock waves differs from the corresponding ideal value by a factor, which is about the square root of shock attenuation rate.     

Suppressing unsteady motion of shock wave by high-frequency plasma synthetic jet

Three Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators (PSJA) under the high-frequency actuation are used to control the Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interaction (SWBLI), a high-speed schlieren image processing method based on spatial Fourier transform as well as snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition were used to study the control effect of high-frequency plasma synthetic jet on low-frequency unsteadiness of SWBLI. The analysis of the base flow shows that the separated shock wave actually has both large- and small-amplitude vibrations at low frequency. And the results revealed that the PSJA with an operating frequency of 2 kHz has the ability to reduce the energy of low-frequency component of shock wave motion, indicating that the 2 kHz actuation can effectively suppress low-frequency unsteadiness of the separated wave. Compared with the actuation frequency of 2 kHz, the energy of low-frequency component of the shock wave is enhanced under the 8 kHz actuation, which aggravates the low-frequency unsteady motion of the shock wave. It is likely that the actuation frequency is too high, thus the intensity of the precursor shock wave induced by PSJA becomes weaker. Additionally, as the 4 kHz actuation is applied, the pulsation of the separation region was enhanced, it is speculated that the actuation frequency is coupled with the oscillation frequency of the separation region.