侧面安装使用的压力传感器用激波管进行动态特性校准的方法研究

通过理论分析和实验结果指出了用激波管动压校准装置校准压力传感器时被校传感器安装在激波管侧面进行校准存在的问题 ,给出了如何对侧面安装使用的压力传感器用激波管进行动态特性校准的方法。     

机匣转静刮磨后轴流压气机气动性能评估研究

为揭示机匣可磨耗涂层磨损造成的叶尖间隙和粗糙度变化对压气机气动性能的影响规律,针对不同刮磨形貌下Rotor 37转子性能进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,压气机等熵效率和出口流量对刮磨间隙和粗糙度的变化较为敏感,降幅最高可达1.78%和0.83%,而压比变化不大;刮磨间隙深度增加,刮磨最深位置前移时,叶尖泄漏增强,泄漏流与上端壁附面层及主流相互作用演变为泄漏涡,与激波相互干涉,造成较大的叶尖损失;压气机气动性能受磨损区域粗糙度影响较小,虽然等熵效率对粗糙度变化较为敏感,但最大降幅也仅为0.38%。磨损区域粗糙度增加时,近壁区湍流波动加强且气流更易分离,引起叶尖泄漏流和叶片尾迹区域的流动结构变化,使压气机气动特性向低流量方向偏移。     

高能电弧等离子体激励控制双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰实验研究

超声速/高超声速飞行器进气道入口处多采用多级压缩构型,其诱导的激波/边界层干扰严重影响进气道效率和飞行器的气动性能,因此对双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰进行流动控制具有较强的应用背景。在来流速度为Ma=2.0的风洞内,针对三种典型的双压缩拐角构型,开展了高能流向脉冲电弧放电阵列调控双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰的实验研究,并对激励流场的高速纹影图像进行了空间梯度阈值处理和均方根处理。结果显示,在激励的作用下两道分离激波的强度均减弱,验证了利用高能流向脉冲电弧放电阵列控制双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰的可行性。在分析控制效果的基础上,获得了在不同构型拐角的流场中前驱冲击波列和控制气泡的演化规律,结合控制效果的时序特征,最终揭示了高能流向脉冲电弧放电阵列作用于双压缩拐角激波/边界层干扰的前驱控制和接续控制的接力控制机理。     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

无导叶对转涡轮三维流场数值分析

1引言近年来,研究者在1 1/2对转涡轮设计方法、对转涡轮实验台、实验件的设计加工以及对转涡轮的数值模拟方面进行了大量的工作[1~8]。在1 1/2对转涡轮中,一方面由于两转子对转使叶排相对转速大幅增大,约为传统涡轮的两倍;另一方面,高压动叶在结构上与传统的渐缩式流道涡轮叶栅     

A quasi-one-dimensional model for hypersonic reactive flow along the stagnation streamline

This study proposes a quasi-one-dimensional model to predict the chemical non-equilibrium flow along the stagnation streamline of hypersonic flow past a blunt body. The model solves reduced equations along the stagnation streamline and predicts nearly identical results as the numerical solution of the full-field Navier-Stokes equations. The high efficiency of this model makes it useful to investigate the overall quantitative behavior of related physical-chemical phenomena. In this paper two important properties of hypersonic flow, shock stand-off distance and oxygen disso-ciation, are studied using the quasi-one-dimensional model with the ideal dissociating gas model. It is found that the shock stand-off distance is affected by both chemical and thermal non-equilibrium. The shock stand-off distance will increase when the flow conditions are changed from equilibrium to non-equilibrium, because the average density of the shock-compressed gas will decrease as a result of the increase in translational energy. For oxygen dissociation, the maximum value of its dis-sociation degree along the stagnation line varies with the flight altitude. It is increased at first and decreased thereafter with the altitude, which is due to the combination effect of the equilibrium shift and chemical non-equilibrium relaxation. The overall variation of the maximum dissociation is then plotted in the speed and altitude coordinates as a reference for engineering application.     

高速风洞运转特性数值模拟

下吹-抽吸式高速风洞的起动和运转对模型测试有重要影响。为分析试验模型和扩压器对风洞起动和运转特性的影响,采用数值模拟方法,使用二维轴对称模型对Φ0.5m高速风洞的流场进行了研究,控制方程为粘性可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。对马赫数5和10两种状态下的流场行了对比,结果表明,试验段基本流态受试验舱静压控制,收集器对流动状态有很大影响。当带模型运转时,试验段内激波结构更为复杂,出现明显溢流,总压损失更大,所需起动压比越大;扩压器平直段直径决定了其静压恢复效率。扩压器平直段直径增大或安装模型时,临界运转压比都会明显增大;且马赫数越大,受到的影响越大。马赫数5带模型起动时,扩压器平直段直径0.5m,气流壅塞,风洞无法启动。无模型时,当平直段直径0.45m,扩压器不能发挥静压恢复作用,风洞运行时间明显缩短。     

电弧放电等离子体激励控制超声速压气机叶栅激波/边界层干扰仿真研究

为研究电弧放电等离子体激励对超声速压气机叶栅激波/边界层干扰的控制作用,建立了模拟等离子体激励作用效果的唯象学模型,进一步以ARL-SL19超声速叶栅为对象,通过数值仿真研究了电弧放电等离子体与叶栅通道内部流动的相互作用及其对叶栅流动损失的影响。结果表明:等离子体唯象学模型能够较好模拟电弧放电等离子体诱导产生冲击波的气动特性。电弧放电等离子体激励对叶栅通道内部流动主要具有三种作用效果:在放电区,注入的热量会产生阻塞效应,增加近壁面气流的流动损失;在激波/边界层相互作用区,能够改变激波系结构,减小激波损失;在尾迹区,冲击波会诱导产生脱落涡。     

基于群智机理的集群防碰撞控制

在执行作战任务以及民用中,无人机集群由于具备高可靠性和高效费比的特点而受到广泛关注;随着城市低空空域的开放,作战环境的动态复杂性剧增,对无人机集群防碰撞提出了严峻的挑战。针对无人机集群执行任务时的编队个体之间防碰撞以及遭遇突发障碍时的集群防碰撞问题,提出了基于群智机理的集群防碰撞控制方法。通过引入力学概念,设计了集群内部吸引力、排斥力以及编队构型力的模型;通过集群个体间的信息共享以及类脑知识发育,构建了基于群信息共享和类脑反射的无人机防碰撞模型。仿真结果表明：所提集群控制方法提高了集群的集结效率,而且在遭遇突发障碍时能够规避动态障碍,再次完成编队重构;群智机理的引入缩短了无人机集群面临突发障碍时的反应时间。     

叶轮机械颤振研究进展 “两机专刊”

叶轮机械颤振是航空发动机、燃气轮机安全运行的重要威胁,一旦出现将严重影响设备的安全性并降低使用寿命。但颤振发生机理复杂,影响气弹稳定性参数多,流动结构和关键参数相互耦合,因此颤振一直是叶轮机械的研究难点。本文从颤振发生机理的角度,重点综述了近十年来关于颤振发生机理的新发现和新进展,其中包括流动结构、振动模态以及声波传播与反射等方面。在此基础上,结合工程实际简要总结了颤振抑制方法,以及不同方法的应用可行性。最后结合作者的思考,提出了叶轮机械颤振研究的重点方向。