空气节流对超燃燃烧室流场结构与燃料混合影响的数值研究

实现高速气流的点火和稳定燃烧是超燃冲压发动机燃烧室设计面临的主要问题,空气节流通过在流场中产生激波串,减小主流气体的马赫数,提高当地的静温和静压,辅助发动机实现起动点火和稳定燃烧.为了研究空气节流的详细机理,通过求解三维N-S方程的方法研究了节流流量、节流位置对节流效果的影响,同时对比了有无节流存在对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室流场结构和掺混特性的影响,分析了节流促进燃料高效混合的机理.结果表明:在燃烧室入口马赫数2、静温517.7K、静压101342.2Pa的条件下,20％入口空气流量的节流流量是最合适的节流流量,本文研究的实例中最佳节流位置位于距燃烧室入口623mm处,同时证实了节流有效地促进了燃料的混合,提高了混合效率.     

激波对凹腔火焰稳定器流场影响

为揭示激波对超声速流中凹腔流场的影响规律,在超声速流中利用长9 mm,坡度为23°的斜坡产生激波。组合利用高速摄影仪和纹影仪,采用碘钨灯、连续激光和脉冲激光作为光源,摄像曝光时间分别为1 m s,8 us,8 ns,获得了斜坡激波入射在单个凹腔中部、中后部和后部,以及激波入射在不同构型凹腔相同位置的流场纹影图像。结果表明,凹腔自由剪切层在受到激波撞击后,在入射点前会发生弯曲而偏向主流,在入射点后加速发展和破碎;激波入射点靠近前沿则引起凹腔前沿激波的增强,靠近凹腔后沿导致再附激波减弱。     

高温空气电子浓度的实验测定及对理论图表的检验

本文总结了近几年来在φ800mm激波管上对高温空气电子密度所做的大量测量工作。在ρ_1=1.3—133帕斯卡,M_s=9—22.5的范围内,使用了近自由分子流Langmuir探针、普通微波透射仪、高灵敏度微波透射仪和反射仪、微波干涉仪等对正激波后的电子密度进行了系统地测量。在各种参数状态下,全部实验数据均符合在同一激波马赫数下n_g正比于ρ_1的经验规律。实验测量结果与目前工程上常用的各种理论计算图表进行了对比,验证了这些图表的可用性。     

进气横流对前缘冲击流量系数的影响

对靶面为圆弧面的单孔前缘冲击流量系数进行了实验测量,通过改变进气横流和单孔射流间的速比大小来模拟一排冲击孔中各孔实际所感受横流的不同。研究了孔雷诺数和进气横流速比对流量系数的影响,孔雷诺数范围:1.5×104~4.0×104,横流速比范围:0~0.3。结果显示冲击孔流量系数随孔雷诺数的增大而增大,最大增幅7%左右;随横流速比的增大而线性减小,最大减幅15%左右。由实验数据得到了冲击孔流量系数分别与孔雷诺数和横流速比的经验关系式。     

Experimental research of air-throttling ignition for a scramjet at Ma 6.5

An experimental investigation on ignition characteristics with air-throttling in an ethylene-fueled scramjet under flight Ma 6.5 conditions was conducted.The dynamic process of air-throttling ignition was explored systematically.The influences of throttling parameters,i.e.,throttling mass rate and duration,were investigated.When the throttling mass rate was 45% of the inflow mass rate,ambient ethylene could be ignited reliably.The delay time from ignition to throttling was about 45–55 ms.There was a threshold of throttling duration under a certain throttling mass rate.It was shorter than 100 ms when the throttling mass rate was 45%.While a 45%throttling mass rate would make the shock train propagate upstream to the isolator entry in about10–15 ms,four lower throttling mass rates were tested,including 30%,25%,20%,and 10%.All of these throttling mass rates could ignite ethylene.However,combustion performances varied with them.A higher throttling mass rate made more ethylene combust and produced higher wall pressure.Through these experiments,some aspects of the relationships between ignition,flame stabilization,combustion efficiency,and air-throttling parameters were brought to light.These results could also be a benchmark for CFD validation.     

机翼动态气动特性实验研究

介绍了动态特性风洞实验的技术方案、测试系统和测试软件。对前缘后掠６０°的三角翼在迎角０°～９０°范围内快速上仰时的升力进行了测量。结果表明：机翼快速上仰时,随上仰速率增大最大升力系数增高,即动态升力效应更明显;失速迎角也增大。此外,给出了简缩频率、平均迎角、振荡振幅以及俯仰轴位置等对振荡机翼产生的非定常瞬时力的影响     

跨声速轴流压气机特性计算用激波损失模型

基于实验结果,发展了一种适用于跨声速叶型的新激波损失模型,该模型考虑了压气机工作状态从堵塞点向喘振点变化时激波系结构的变化。将新激波损失模型应用于某两级跨声速轴流压气机特性预测中,计算与实验结果的比较表明,在跨声速轴流压气机非设计点性能预测中,该模型能够给出更为准确的结果,对于效率曲线的改进尤为明显,并且激波损失系数在全工况下的变化规律更加合理,这表明新激波损失模型能够准确地反映出跨声速压气机内部的流动机理和激波损失大小。     

Criteria for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and its experimental verification

Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions.     

Hypersonic starting flow at high angle of attack

Compressible starting flow at small angle of attack(Ao A) involves small amplitude waves and time-dependent lift coefficient and has been extensively studied before. In this paper we consider hypersonic starting flow of a two-dimensional flat wing or airfoil at large angle of attack involving strong shock waves. The flow field in some typical regions near the wing is solved analytically. Simple expressions of time-dependent lift evolutions at the initial and final stages are given. Numerical simulations by compuational fluid dynamics are used to verify and complement the theoretical results. It is shown that below the wing there is a straight oblique shock(OSW) wave,a curved shock wave(CSW) and an unsteady horizontal shock wave(USW), and the latter moves perpendicularlly to the wing. The length of these three parts of waves changes with time. The pressure above OSW is larger than that above USW, while across CSW there is a significant drop of the pressure, making the force nearly constant during the initial period of time. When, however, the Mach number is very large, the force coefficient tends to a time-independent constant, proportional to the square of the sine of the angle of attack.