含激波的湍流流动高精度大涡数值模拟方法

针对采用亚格子模型进行含激波的湍流流动模拟时会面临激波附近的精度损失问题,考虑从通过亚格子模型以及数值模拟方法两方面的改进来实现湍流流动大涡模拟的精度提高.大涡模拟采用了Yee及Sj(o)green (2009)提出的高阶低耗散方法.该方法采用自适应的流场探测器以控制计算中所需区域的数值耗散,并考虑对动力学模型采用在激波位置使用Sagaut和Germano(2005)提出的单边亚格子过滤器和(或)直接禁用亚格子项等方法加以改进.对于标准的马赫数1.5和3条件下的激波-湍流干扰问题,上述新方法相较于全区域采用亚格子模型的方法均表现出了相似的精度提升.同时实现的数值精度改进方案采用了Harten的亚单元分辨过程来定位和锐化激波,并在精确激波位置附近的网格点处采用了单边测试滤波.     

Prediction of shock-layer ultraviolet radiation for hypersonic vehicles in near space

A systemic and validated model was developed to predict ultraviolet spectra features from the shock layer of near-space hypersonic vehicles in the ‘‘solar blind" band region. Computational procedures were performed with 7-species thermal non-equilibrium fluid mechanics, finite rate chemistry, and radiation calculations. The thermal non-equilibrium flow field was calculated with a two-temperature model by the finite volume technique and verified against the bow-shock ultra-violet(BSUV) flight experiments. The absorption coefficient of the mixture gases was evaluated with a line-by-line method and validated through laboratory shock tube measurements. Using the line of sight(LOS) method, radiation was calculated from three BSUV flights at altitudes of 38,53.5 and 71 km. The investigation focused on the level and structure of ultraviolet spectra radiated from a NO band system in wavelengths of 200–400 nm. Results predicted by the current model show qualitative spatial agreement with the measured data. At a velocity of 3.5 km/s(about Mach11), the peak absolute intensity at an altitude of 38 km is two orders of magnitude higher than that at 53.5 km. Under the same flight conditions, the spectra structures have quite a similar distribution at different viewing angles. The present computational model performs well in the prediction of the ultraviolet spectra emitted from the shock layer and will contribute to the investigation and analysis of radiative features of hypersonic vehicles in near space.     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

Fe/O Ratios in Interplanetary Shock Accelerated Particles

It is widely accepted that diffusive shock acceleration is an important process in the heliosphere, in particular in producing the energetic particles associated with interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. In its simplest formulation shock acceleration is expected to accelerate ions with higher mass to charge ratios less efficiently than those with lower mass to charge. Thus it is anticipated that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ion populations will decrease with increasing energy above some energy. We examine the circumstances of five interplanetary shocks that have been reported to have associated populations in which Fe/O increases with increasing energy. In each event, the situation is complex, with particle contributions from other sources in addition to the shock. Furthermore, we show that the Fe/O ratio in shock-accelerated ions can decrease even when the shock is traveling through an Fe-rich ambient ion population. Thus, although shock acceleration of an Fe-rich suprathermal population has been proposed to explain large Fe-rich solar particle events, we find no support for this proposal in these observations.     

旋转爆轰流场的数值模拟

基于带化学反应的二维Euler方程,采用氢气-空气的9组分19步基元反应简化模型,对充有当量比的氢气-空气预混气和空气的环形旋转爆轰流场,从点火燃烧到发展成旋转爆轰的过程进行了数值模拟。根据数值结果分析了波后流场中爆轰产物受激波、高温和离心力等作用而挤向外壁,形成有利于充入燃料,实现持续稳定旋转爆轰的流场特征。还讨论流场中爆轰波、激波与间断面和内外壁面反射或折射,从而形成多个激波相交的波系特征。为认识和理解旋转爆轰流场,开展旋转爆轰的实验研究等具有现实的指导意义。     

带抽吸二元进气道/隔离段激波串振荡特性

针对抽吸缝作用下激波串非定常振荡的复杂流动问题,采用高速纹影结合壁面动态压力测量的方法,在马赫数6的激波风洞中研究了高马赫数二元进气道/隔离段中激波串的自激振荡特性。隔离段出口不同堵塞度的实验结果表明:在低堵塞度下,隔离段内的分离激波无明显振荡;在中等堵塞度25.3%～32.3%和高堵塞度35.3%～38.2%工况下,隔离段内产生非定常激波串,受到隔离段内预先存在的背景波系以及抽吸缝泄流作用的影响,分别出现大幅度低频振荡和小幅度高频振荡;而当堵塞度超过临界值后,激波串被推出进气道,出现不起动。在大幅度振荡模式中,上壁面大分离区周期性地形成和消失,下壁面的激波串前沿分离激波在抽吸缝后缘到隔离段出口之间大幅度振荡,其振荡主频约为280Hz～480Hz,并且随着堵塞度升高而降低;在小幅度振荡模式中,上壁面始终存在大分离区,下壁面的激波串前沿分离激波在抽吸缝附近小幅振荡,其振荡主频约为900Hz～1800Hz。两种振荡模式均给隔离段壁面带来严酷的脉动压力载荷。     

边界层抽吸对超燃冲压发动机流场特性的影响研究

为了解边界层抽吸对超燃冲压发动机流场的影响,采用风洞试验和数值计算对隔离段激波串特性以及燃烧室燃烧特性进行了研究。结果表明,在发动机入口马赫数2.0,总温950K,总压0.82MPa的来流条件下,当量比为0.18先锋氢气与不同当量比煤油共同燃烧呈不稳定状态,激波串在隔离段内前后振荡传播。当煤油当量比为0.29时,激波串振荡前缘远离抽吸位置,边界层抽吸对发动机流场基本没有影响。随着煤油当量比逐渐增大,激波串前缘位置到达抽吸区附近,边界层抽吸开始产生影响,改变了隔离段内的激波串动态演化过程、形态结构以及位置分布,同时有效提高了隔离段抗反压特性,使得煤油最大当量比可以由0.38增大至0.42。此外,边界层抽吸对发动机内的亚燃/超燃区域分布也会产生影响。     

一类抗冲击载荷的新型橡胶减振器

针对某惯测装置冲击环境恶劣的问题,采用理论分析和有限元模拟相结合的方法,研制了能同时兼顾缓冲和阻尼减振的减振器.试验表明,研制的新型橡胶减振器使惯性测量装置的冲击响应由100 g下降到30.3 g,同时兼有阻尼减振效果.     

原子层热电堆热流传感器在激波风洞试验中的应用

高超声速边界层转捩及激波-边界层干扰等基础气动问题的风洞试验中,高频脉动热流是一重要测试量.为了验证自研的原子层热电堆热流传感器在实际风洞试验环境中的性能,利用尖锥模型在Φ2m激波风洞(FD-14A)内开展来流马赫数10、单位雷诺数4.7×106/m等流场条件下的风洞试验,并与高频脉动压力传感器对比,热流测试结果反映出...