大型固体火箭发动机喷管故障诊断的流场计算

针对某大型固体火箭发动机的喷管喉道后烧穿的故障进行了数值模拟,运用ＴＶＤ（ＴｏｔａｌＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎＤｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｉｎｇ）ＭａｃＣｏｒｍａｃｋ格式求解了喷管内流场的二维轴对称Ｎ－Ｓ方程,获得了流场的详细结构图谱,分析了故障的成因,指出喷管型面的导数不连续会导致当地壁温升高,是引发故障的直接原因。     

直连式喷气发动机试车台试验件进气的联接方式及有关问题

针对直连式喷气发动机试车台稳定段同试验件的联接问题，根据空气流量测量、补氧及推力测量等不同试验目的与要求，讨论了选择联接方案对试验结果的影响。结果认为，模拟总温较高时，音速喷嘴流量测量联接方式应慎重选用；采用能够测量进、出口压力的迷宫密封方式，可以根据喷嘴及回绕式阻隔件流动理论计算出空气泄漏量并可测出压力损失值，从而对试验所要求的补氧量及推力测量提供较准确的修正。     

密集型空气雾化流场破碎特征数学模型研究

低速液体射流在高速湍流气体作用下的气液同轴射流雾化流场是瞬态密集型喷雾场,高速湍流中影响和控制雾化的因素很多。针对空气雾化流场液核分布与特征进行分析,开发了模拟液核的随机浸入体模型,结合大涡模拟方法对同轴射流空气雾化喷嘴下游流场进行数值模拟。模拟结果与实验结果对比表明：随机浸入体模型可快速捕捉液核的长度和位置信息。当气液动量比M为3~10000时,能够较准确地预测液核长度,当M>10时,其预测结果远优于唯象模型;该模型能够捕捉回流区、大尺度涡等流场结构。同时,可以准确地预测喷嘴附近的液滴粒径,特别是在气流速度较大（>60m/s）时,液滴平均直径预测误差<10%。     

NNW-TopViz流场可视分析系统

流场可视化技术采用图形图像直观地表现CFD数值模拟的计算结果,使用户能够方便地对这些数据进行分析、比较和研究。然而,CFD数值模拟的流动复杂,其产生的流场数据规模巨大、数据类型复杂、特征提取困难,传统的串行可视化软件效率低、交互手段单一,难以满足数据分析的需求。国家数值风洞（NNW）工程研制了一套流场数据处理可视化软件系统（NNW-TopViz,简称TopViz）,具有对流场数据处理与特征提取、几何图形绘制等可视化与交互功能。根据可视分析效率需求,TopViz实现了线程并行,在多核计算环境下有效提高了可视化计算和交互效率;针对流场特征提取困难、常规方法效率低的问题,TopViz实现了基于卷积神经网络的流场旋涡特征提取方法,提升了特征提取准确率和效率;为提高软件交互效率并提供便捷的交互方式和体验,基于头戴式显示设备和体感控制器构建沉浸式虚拟显示与交互平台,TopViz实现了手势和眼球凝视2种交互方法,提供沉浸式环境下多视图、多角度流场探测方式。     

LONWORKS现场总线技术在变电站监控中的应用

本文介绍了LONWORKS现场总线的原理及特点,分析了LONWORKS现场总线在电力系统变电站综合自动化系统中的应用,并针对新建或改建变电站提出了设计与改造方案。     

低雷诺数涡轮叶片边界层转捩及分离特性测量

低雷诺数工作条件下涡轮流场特征及其控制设计,是航空发动机低压涡轮部件设计的难点和重点。针对低雷诺数涡轮叶栅流场开展了实验研究工作,利用油流显示、表面静压、边界层压力探针等测量手段研究了涡轮叶片边界层的分离和转捩。结果表明雷诺数降低导致了流动损失的增大,且存在一个临界雷诺数。当雷诺数小于临界雷诺数时,发生在吸力面的流动分离是开式的层流分离泡,不会再附与叶片;当雷诺数大于临界雷诺数时,分离流会在尾缘前重新附着于叶片吸力面,形成闭式分离泡。随着雷诺数的减小,出口尾迹变宽,出口流动损失、出口速度亏损和出口气流角偏离增大,尾迹中心向吸力面方向移动。     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

Full blended blade and endwall design of a compressor cascade

In the current state-of-the-art, high-loss flow in the endwall significantly influences compressor performance. Therefore, the control of endwall corner separation in compressor blade rows is important to consider. Based on the previous research of the Blended Blade and EndWall (BBEW) technique, which can significantly reduce corner separation, in combination with a non-axisymmetric endwall, the full-BBEW technique is proposed in this study to further reduce the separation in endwall region. The principle of the unchanged axial passage area is considered to derive the geometric method for this technique. Three models are further classified based on different geometric characteristics of this technique: the BBEW model, Inclining-Only EndWall (IOEW) model, and full-BBEW model. The most effective design of each model is then found by performing several optimizations at the design point and related numerical investigations over the entire operational conditions. Compared with the prototype, the total pressure loss coefficient decreases by 7%–9% in the optimized full-BBEW at the design point. Moreover, the aerodynamic blockage coefficient over the entire operational range decreases more than the other models, which shows its positive effect for diffusion. This approach has a larger decrease at negative incidence angles where the intersection of the boundary layer plays an important role in corner separation. The analysis shows that the blended blade profile enlarges the dihedral angle and creates a span-wise pressure gradient to move low momentum fluid towards the mainstream. Furthermore, the inclining hub geometry accelerates the accumulated flow in the corner downstream by increasing the pressure gradient. Overall, though losses in the mainstream grow, especially for large incidences, the full-BBEW technique effectively reduces the separation in corners.     

空气预冷发动机及微小通道流动传热研究综述

首先针对发动机空气预冷系统的特点,将现有的预冷机制分为四种类型,包括燃料预冷、质量喷注预压缩冷却、燃料预冷和质量喷注预压缩冷却组合预冷以及其他流体预冷,并分别介绍了每种预冷机制的代表性发动机循环以及技术特点。调研发现,微小通道结构的预冷器具有很高的散热能力和紧凑度,优势显著。英国Skylon空天飞机的预冷却组合循环发动机（SABRE）其微通道结构预冷器具有极高换热能力。对SABRE的预冷器及相关研究进行详细分析,强调微小通道强化换热对提高发动机性能的重要作用。通过对微小通道中单相气态流动换热研究的调研发现,微尺度流动传热机理仍存在诸多分歧,理论发展不完善,需要深入开展微小通道强化传热研究,尤其对于高速高内外温差条件下微小尺度复杂结构空间内流动传热机理需要深入探索。     

分段式固体火箭发动机内部流动不稳定性数值分析

采用大涡模拟技术,针对某分段式固体火箭发动机开展了发动机燃面退移0mm,160mm和280mm三个时刻下发动机燃烧室内部流动不稳定现象的数值分析,获得了三个典型时刻燃烧室内压强可能的振荡特性.计算结果表明,在发动机点火初期燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由表面涡脱落导致;随着燃面的退移,端面限燃层暴露在燃气中,由于端面包覆结构残余的影响,燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由障碍涡脱落决定,且与点火初期相比,压强振荡的频率逐步减小.