液浮惯性仪表温度场的仿真分析

液浮惯性仪表精度跟温度场有关联,温度分布不均匀和温度波动都会对仪表精度产生影响,因此研究液浮惯性仪表内部的温度场分布尤为重要。利用有限元方法对液浮惯性仪表进行温度场仿真计算,根据仪表的结构特点合理的设置了测温点,通过试验的方法提取了特征点的温度值,验证了仿真结果的正确性,为液浮惯性仪表的热设计提供了基础参数。     

煤油液滴高压蒸发特性

采用真实流体模型描述高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,并采用状态方程（EoS）法计算多组分高压气-液相平衡及环境气体溶解性,在此基础上建立包含亚临界和超临界两种不同机制的瞬态液滴高压蒸发模型。针对中国新一代高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机,详细研究了煤油液滴在超临界环境下的高压蒸发特性及各因素影响机理。结果表明：高压环境会显著加快液滴温升速率,但弱超临界环境下仍然为相平衡控制的亚临界蒸发状态;只有强超临界环境下才较容易发生扩散控制的超临界蒸发状态。在高压、高温环境下,忽略气相溶解性将导致液滴蒸发速率明显偏小。针对弱超临界环境,温度升高会使液滴蒸发速率单调增加;压力升高则在低温下降低蒸发速率,而在高温下加快蒸发速率。针对强超临界环境,温度升高只提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,而超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率与环境温度无关;压力升高则同样会提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,但会降低超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,此时的总蒸发寿命随压力升高小幅下降。     

液体推进燃料着火特性影响因子与活化能分析

采用反射激波管实验台,对液体推进燃料RP-3着火特性进行了实验研究,并分析了燃料的表观活化能。采用了最大OH-光谱斜率倒推法确定着火终点,判定得到了液体推进燃料的着火特性,并对不同燃料体积分数下的着火延迟进行了归一化处理。结果表明:推进燃料的表观活化能差异不大,约为154～171kJ/mol;对各参数影响因子进行分析,着火延迟时间与当量比成正比关系,与燃料体积分数和混合气压力成反比关系;与JP-10比较发现,着火特性数据受燃料体积分数、当量比的影响因子几乎相等。      

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

液体推进剂热稳定性研究方法探讨

为研究液体推进剂的热分解特性,利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和绝热加速量热仪（ARC）,对自行研制的3种液体推进剂进行了热分解过程研究,并对其热稳定性进行了探讨.分析了DSC和ARC两种方法在研究液体推进剂热分解方面的优劣性.     

Self-perspiration garment for extravehicular activity improves skin cooling effects without raising humidity

Introduction

The current U.S. extravehicular activity (EVA) suit in space includes liquid cooling and ventilation garment (LCVG) to control thermal condition. Tubes knitted in LCVG for flowing water interrupt evaporation of perspiration, and astronauts feel discomfort. In the present study, we hypothesized that a self-perspiration garment would effectively lower the skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. Thus, we developed and examined the effects of the garment.

Methods

Eight healthy subjects were studied with a cyclic ergometer of 30, 60 90 and 120 W loading for 3 min each. Skin temperature and humidity on the back were measured continuously. Subjects wore and tested three types of garments i.e., a spandex wear without any cooling device (Normal), a simulated LCVG (s-LCVG) or the spandex wear knitted a vinyl tube for flowing water, and the spandex wear with a tube, which flows water and self-perspiration with oozing water for evaporative cooling (SPEC).

Results

All measurements were reached to steady state 2–3 min after the setting. The s-LCVG decreased skin temperature 0.39±0.14 °C during 12 min of cooling. With SPEC, skin temperature did not decrease significantly until 6–9 min after starting the cooling. However, the temperature decreased rapidly and significantly after that, and finally decreased 1.59±0.32 °C. Humidity in the SPEC was significantly lower than that in s-LCVG.

Discussion

SPEC was effective for lowering skin temperature without raising humidity in the garment. The concept is expected to use as a better cooling system during EVA.     

液态水相变发散冷却的实验

以液态水为冷却介质,采用高温合金粉末烧结多孔材料制造平板实验件,实验研究了具有液态水相变的发散冷却特性.用远红外热像系统记录实验平板热端表面温度分布,通过热电偶及压力传感器监控冷却腔内温度和压力变化,从而分析液态水的相变过程.实验表明:随着液态水注入率的增大,平均冷却效率不断提高;当液态水在暴露于高温主流的平板表面发生气液相变时,平均冷却效率趋于稳定且不再大幅上升;主流温度与液态水注入率决定了液态水的相变位置,并对冷却腔内压力变化产生影响.      

用于热控涂层性能原位测试的辐射计设计

针对空间环境中热控涂层性能退化的问题,提出一种模拟空间环境中利用测热法实现热控涂层太阳吸收率原位测试的辐射计设计方案.结合模拟空间环境的测试要求,进行辐射计的原理设计与理论研究;对辐射计进行结构热分析,建立辐射计测试过程中各项换热的计算式,从而得到辐射计的瞬态计算模型.恒温测试环境下利用辐射计对SR107热控涂层进行了测试.实验结果表明:辐射计测试的SR107热控涂层太阳吸收率值与该涂层的标定值之间的相对误差在2%以内,测试的不确定度为6.3%,实验结果验证了该测试方法的有效性.      

热色液晶标定和使用的影响因素

在全面地分析热色液晶测量方法的基础上,实验研究了热色液晶标定和使用的主要影响因素.保持频闪和相机的相对位置以及两者距拍摄窗口的距离一致,在同一色调值下,拍摄方式(无/有拍摄窗口)、有机玻璃拍摄窗厚度、热力方向(加热/冷却)和热色液晶老化分别产生最大约0.5℃,0.2℃,0.26℃和1.2℃的温度差异.转静间隙不影响热色液晶的显色特性.温度与色调的关系主要与频闪仪的发光介质有关.      

轨姿控液体火箭发动机水击仿真模拟

以轨姿控液体火箭发动机为研究对象,根据模块化思想,利用AMESim建立了仿真平台,仿真计算了发动机系统工作中管路的水击压力。结果表明:轨控发动机的工作是引起大水击的主要因素。通过与理论计算和试验数据的对比表明,仿真模型较好地描述了管路水击的生成过程。介绍了减小系统水击量的措施。