基于混杂非对称复合材料的自适应对日定向器

提出并设计了一种基于混杂非对称复合材料层合板的新型自适应对日定向器。该对日定向器采用混杂非对称复合材料层合板作为驱动元件,利用在轨光照条件的变化引起复合材料层合板温度变化,进而使其产生热变形并驱动太阳翼发生偏转。提出的自适应对日定向器结合传统的单自由度对日定向机构,能够实现太阳能帆板的双自由度对日定向。介绍了自适应对日定向器的基本原理,并结合地球静止轨道的光照条件进行了具体设计。利用能量变分原理建立了混杂非对称复合材料的热变形模型,分析其热变形特点,并利用有限元方法对定向器在地球静止轨道上的温度场特性、热变形及对日定向转动角度进行分析。有限元分析结果表明,通过合理设计,自适应对日定向器的转角能够随太阳光入射角变化呈线性变化,定向精度可达±1°。     

自动铺丝最小间隙路径规划与复合材料锥壳结构制造

自动铺丝技术（AFP）是提高复合材料构件制造效率和降低其制造成本的关键技术和重要手段。铺放轨迹的设计是控制自动铺丝工艺质量的关键。对于复杂的结构形式,合理的铺丝路径对保证可制造性及铺贴质量至关重要。本文针对简化后的后机身锥壳特征结构,研究了基于固定角法、测地线法和变角度法的自动铺丝轨迹算法设计,解决了铺放复杂曲面满覆盖问题;总结对比获得了不同铺丝轨迹方法的特点和适用范围。以保证工艺性并满足结构设计铺层方向为原则,选用了带宽为6.35 mm的自动铺丝预浸料完成工艺验证件制造,并通过有限元分析评估了自动铺丝轨迹算法的合理性。结果表明：该结构宜采用测地线法铺放0°方向铺层以减少褶皱;采用固定角法铺放90°方向铺层能够保证连续铺放;采用结合预浸窄带侧弯试验结果的变角度轨迹规划方法铺放此锥类构件±45°方向铺层能够保持最小间隙。铺丝间隙使锥壳结构单层等效模量下降约30%,整体强度下降约10%。因而在结构优化设计时需考虑自动铺丝工艺对安全裕度影响的因素。     

航空航天智能材料与智能结构研究进展

智能材料作为新兴多功能材料,能够实现结构功能化、功能多样化。智能结构是在结构中集成智能材料作为传感器和驱动器,使结构除了具有承载、传力、连接等功能外,还具有自感知、自诊断、自驱动、自修复等能力,以更好地适应外界环境的变化,可显著提升航空航天架构的性能。目前智能材料与智能结构已成为航空航天架构减重增效研究的重点。根据国内外智能材料和结构的研究进展,综述了压电材料、铁磁材料、形状记忆材料、智能复合材料等智能材料的发展;讨论了智能结构的研究及应用前景,包括自诊断智能结构、自修复智能结构和减振降噪智能结构;最后,指出了智能材料与结构当前面临的一些挑战性问题,展望了其在航空航天领域的应用前景。     

循环吸湿对炭纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对炭纤维增强复合材料进行70、85、100℃下的循环水浸吸湿试验,研究了复合材料在不同水浸温度下的吸湿-脱湿行为规律。同时,对循环吸湿-脱湿过程中的试样进行层间剪切强度测试和动态力学性能测试,并结合扫描电镜观察循环吸湿各个阶段的纤维基体结合状态。结果表明,水浸温度越高,水分的扩散速率越快,饱和吸湿率越大。经过循环吸湿后复合材料的吸湿行为仍满足Fick第二定律,吸湿后层间剪切强度下降,湿热循环次数越多下降的越明显。脱湿后层间剪切强度有所恢复,水浸温度越高造成的不可逆破坏越大,层间剪切强度恢复的越少。干态时的玻璃化转变温度为231℃,吸湿后下降了37℃。     

关于纤维增强复合材料力学性能可设计性的分析

纤维增强复合材料是一种多相结构材料,主要由增强纤维和树脂基体材料组成。其性能可设计性是指可按照设计要求进行选择不同的增强材料和树脂基体材料以及它们的含量和各种铺层形式,可组成具有不同性能的各种复合材料。这给复合材料可设计性提供更大的自由度。该文结合工程应用需要,主要对其力学性能可设计性进行了分析研究。     

正交各向异性单向复合材料裂纹尖端塑性区求解

基于复合材料力学基本理论,推导了Tsai-Hill准则、Hoffman准则和Tsai-Wu准则在平面问题下的一般表达式,在平面应力和应变状态下,得到复合材料中心裂纹板裂纹尖端塑性区的解析解.结果表明,基于Tsai-Wu准则得到的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅰ/Ⅱ复合型裂纹裂尖塑性区范围最小.平面应变状态下的裂尖塑性区范围小于平面应力状态下的裂尖塑性区范围.裂纹倾角β对复合材料裂尖塑性区范围和形状有明显影响,不同值得到的塑性区结果差别很大.不论是平面应力还是平面应变条件,裂纹尖端塑性区域都随着裂纹倾角的增大而增大.     

基于查表的开环MPM预失真器

提出了一种基于查表的开环记忆多项式模型(MPM,Memory Polynomial Model)预失真器.从MPM预失真器系数估计和执行信号预失真处理两方面加以考虑.首先,利用预失真器和高功率放大器(HPA,High Power Amplifier)传输特性的互补性,由采集到的HPA输入、输出基带数据进行单次最小二乘估计得到MPM预失真器的系数,避免了以往递归结构的收敛性和计算量大等问题.然后,利用MPM预失真器的特点,建立了基于输入信号强度索引的一维向量表,通过查表实现MPM预失真器的幂次累加项,极大地减少了实现预失真器所需的计算量及硬件开销.仿真显示,采用提出的预失真器可以有效补偿HPA对信号的记忆非线性失真,有效带宽内获得了近20 dB的功率改善,也显著改善了系统误码性能.     

Revisiting Perspective-Taking: Can People Maintain Imagined Perspectives?

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to examine whether people can adopt and maintain imagined perspectives in the absence of target information. The task used entailed providing information about an imagined perspective in advance of target information to examine whether this would facilitate perspective-taking performance and reduce or eliminate alignment effects that are commonly reported in the literature. The three experiments employed different types of spatial environments: an environment learned from navigating a computer screen (Experiment 1), and an immersive environment that was either remote (Experiment 2) or immediate (Experiment 3) at the time of retrieval. Across the three experiments, results showed that information about an imagined perspective can be utilized ahead of target information. Furthermore, they suggested that alignment effects can be reduced as a result of processing information about perspective ahead of target information, but only when reasoning about specific nonimmediate spatial relations (Experiments 1 and 2). Results are discussed in connection with previous findings on spatial updating and the organizational structure of spatial memory.     

Optimization of entry-vehicle shapes during conceptual design

During the conceptual design of a re-entry vehicle, the vehicle shape and geometry can be varied and its impact on performance can be evaluated. In this study, the shape optimization of two classes of vehicles has been studied: a capsule and a winged vehicle. Their aerodynamic characteristics were analyzed using local-inclination methods, automatically selected per vehicle segment. Entry trajectories down to Mach 3 were calculated assuming trimmed conditions. For the winged vehicle, which has both a body flap and elevons, a guidance algorithm to track a reference heat-rate was used. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the shape using objectives related to mass, volume and range. The optimizations show a large variation in vehicle performance over the explored parameter space. Areas of very strong non-linearity are observed in the direct neighborhood of the two-dimensional Pareto fronts. This indicates the need for robust exploration of the influence of vehicle shapes on system performance during engineering trade-offs, which are performed during conceptual design. A number of important aspects of the influence of vehicle behavior on the Pareto fronts are observed and discussed. There is a nearly complete convergence to narrow-wing solutions for the winged vehicle. Also, it is found that imposing pitch-stability for the winged vehicle at all angles of attack results in vehicle shapes which require upward control surface deflections during the majority of the entry.     

规则回转体自动铺丝轨迹规划与丝束增减

为满足自动铺丝轨迹的满铺覆性要求，针对现阶段自动铺丝轨迹规划存在的不足，提出了不同的丝束增减算法。首先讨论纤维铺放方向的确定和中心轨迹数量的计算，设计不同铺放方向轨迹的生成算法。然后以丝束重叠系数为重要参数，对于纤维局部堆积和空缺问题提出单侧纤维裁剪算法和双侧纤维裁剪算法，并对裁剪后的重叠区域和间隙区域进行面积求解，使得纤维丝束均匀覆于芯模表面。最后基于CATIA CAA二次开发平台，将上述算法集成到纤维铺放CAD系统中，通过运动仿真系统验证算法的正确性。利用提出的丝束增减算法，实现了间隙/重叠区的均匀分布，尽量降低了富树脂区等相关缺陷的聚集对性能的不良影响。