LF算法中蚁群移动策略的研究

采用FM、误分类错误率和运行时间作为衡量改进的LF算法的评价指标,对算法中蚁群的不同移动策略进行研究.这些移动策略包括完全随机移动、局部记忆指导下的直接跳转、局部记忆指导下的定向随机靠近、全局记忆指导下的直接跳转、全局记忆指导下定向随机靠近和局部记忆与全局记忆共同指导下的定向随机靠近6种移动策略.针对每种策略,固定算法的其他运行参数,在UCI数据集的Iris数据和Wine数据上运行的结果表明,全局记忆指导下的定向随机靠近策略运行效果最好,而且收敛速度快,并能有效避免局部最优化的问题.     

航空发动机钛火防护技术及试验验证方法

钛合金在航空发动机上应用广泛,特别是对于追求高推重比的军用发动机更是如此。但采用钛合金存在钛火风险,且钛火故障危害大、发生频率高。分析了钛火故障产生的原因,描述了故障导致的后果,并结合发动机上典型钛火故障,总结了4种较为有效的钛火防护设计技术。阐述了钛火防护技术的试验验证方法和目的,指出只有通过试验验证,才能确认钛火防护技术的安全有效。     

大型客机后缘襟翼滑轨整流罩气动外形设计方法

大型客机后缘襟翼机构伸出机翼下表面会带来气动损失,必须设计相应整流罩。整流罩的外形尺寸对气动力影响较大,会直接影响飞机的气动特性。设计整流罩时应该遵循整流罩外形设计要求,使其引起的高速巡航阻力尽可能小。在查阅相关文献、对比研究大量整流罩图片、分析研究计算机辅助设计(CAD)中NURBS曲面曲线描述方法的基础上,建立了一套详细的大型客机后缘襟翼滑轨整流罩外形设计方法,该方法在满足整流罩包裹住机构、减小气动损失等基本要求的同时,缩短了整流罩设计周期。     

新型Co基合金Co-9Al-(9-x) W-xMo-2Ta-0.02B的显微组织与高低温力学性能

以新型Co基合金Co-9Al-9W-2Ta-0.02B成分为基础,分别添加了原子分数为2％、4％、6％、9％的Mo元素替代W（分别称2Mo、4Mo、6Mo、9Mo合金,W+Mo的原子分数为9％,无Mo添加的称为0Mo合金）,研究了Mo元素对合金相组成、显微组织形貌、维氏硬度和高低温压缩强度的影响.结果表明铸态合金由Co...     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

CubeSail: A low cost CubeSat based solar sail demonstration mission

CubeSail is a nano-solar sail mission based on the 3U CubeSat standard, which is currently being designed and built at the Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey. CubeSail will have a total mass of around 3 kg and will deploy a 5 × 5 m sail in low Earth orbit. The primary aim of the mission is to demonstrate the concept of solar sailing and end-of-life de-orbiting using the sail membrane as a drag-sail. The spacecraft will have a compact 3-axis stabilised attitude control system, which uses three magnetic torquers aligned with the spacecraft principle axis as well as a novel two-dimensional translation stage separating the spacecraft bus from the sail. CubeSail’s deployment mechanism consists of four novel booms and four-quadrant sail membranes. The proposed booms are made from tape-spring blades and will deploy the sail membrane from a 2U CubeSat standard structure. This paper presents a systems level overview of the CubeSat mission, focusing on the mission orbit and de-orbiting, in addition to the deployment, attitude control and the satellite bus.     

Fe和Nb对TiNi形状记忆合金环双程记忆效应的影响

研究了预变形和热循环对Ti50.8Ni49.2及加入Fe和Nb后合金环的双程记忆应变影响。结果表明:在马氏体状态进行10.4%~13.8%的预变形,TiNi合金环随循环次数增加,双程记忆应变增大,在13.8%预变形和4次循环得到4.15%最大值;加入Fe和Nb后,在10.71%~15.18%的变形范围,合金环的双程记忆应变先增后降,其最大值分别为3.14%和2.56%。在变形量和循环次数相同时,TiNi合金环的记忆应变最高,当变形量和循环次数超过12.50%和2以后,TiNiFe合金环的双程记忆应变快速上升,其双程记忆应变超过TiNiNb合金环的。     

High-precision shape approximation low-thrust trajectory optimization method satisfying bi-objective index

The shape approximation method has been proven to be rapid and practicable in resolving low-thrust trajectory; however, it still faces the challenges of large deviation from the optimal solution and inability to satisfy the specific flight time and fuel mass constraints. In this paper, a modified shape approximation low-thrust model is presented, and a novel constrained optimization algorithm is developed to solve this problem. The proposed method aims at settling the bi-objective optimization o...     

Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Ti50Ni48-xFe2Ndx Shape Memory Alloys

The influences of rare earth element Nd on the phase transformation and the microstructure of Ti₅₀Ni_48−xFe₂Nd_x shape memory alloys are investigated by means of electrical resistivity, optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that TiNiFe alloys with different Nd contents exhibit two-step martensitic transformation. The start temperature of martensitic transformation increases sharply from 212 K to 267 K when 0.1 at.% Nd is added in, and then decreases gradually if Nd content further increases. The microstructure of TiNiFeNd quaternary alloys consists of TiNi matrix, Ti₂Ni second phase, and Nd₃Ni intermetallic compound. The spherical Nd₃Ni precipitate-particles evenly disperse in the matrix.     

SmCox-0.4Ti0.4合金薄带的相结构和磁性能

SmCo_x-0.4Ti_0.4(x=5.0, 5.5, 6.5, 7.0)合金经42m/s速度甩带快速凝固制成薄带,在真空热处理炉中,进行750℃两小时热处理.对制得的甩带状态和热处理状态合金薄带分别测试其相结构和磁性能.结果表明:SmCo_x-0.4Ti_0.4合金甩带状态样品相结构随Co含量的不同而变化,其中x=5.0,5.5和6.5的合金样品由2∶ 17和1∶ 5两相结构组成;x=7.0成分样品由1∶ 7单相结构组成.甩带状态样品的比饱和磁化强度和比剩余磁化强度基本上线性增加,内禀矫顽力在合金成分为x=5.0时出现最大值,为1.01T.薄带样品热处理前后均具有纳米晶结构,表现出剩磁增强效应.样品矫顽力机制主要为形核型,反磁化形核场主要来源于SmCo硬磁相大的磁晶各向异性及其纳米晶结构.热处理后,除x=7.0样品外,其余样品矫顽力均有所下降.