一种适合地球同步轨道SAR的改进CS算法

地球同步轨道SAR具有一般低轨SAR所不具备的优势。然而其“8”字形的运动轨迹也给成像带来了困难,基于直线运动的成像算法将失效。针对这个问题,利用了聚焦性能比较好的CS算法并结合偏航牵引控制和弯曲补偿的方法把弯曲的孔径拟合成直线再进行成像。本文分别对地球同步轨道SAR偏航牵引问题,等效斜视角进行了研究,详细推导了斜视工作模型下基于弯曲补偿改进的CS算法,根据分辨率的需求对地球同步轨道SAR大合成孔径进行子孔径处理,最后通过仿真验证了算法的成像性能。     

空间直角坐标系与先天八卦图的关联

几何学与代数学的起源;先天八卦的来源;笛卡儿的贡献;莱布尼兹从八卦里受到的启发;数轴与太极的关系,平面直角坐标系与两仪生四象的关系,在空间平面直角坐标系上建立正八面体,表示出先天八卦图的空间立体形状;空间直角坐标系与先天八卦图对应对称关系的一致性。应将“先天八卦图”申报为我国非物质文化遗产。     

Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling

Existing lunar DEMs obtained based on laser altimetry or photogrammetric image analysis are characterised by high large-scale accuracies while their lateral resolution is strongly limited by noise or interpolation artifacts. In contrast, image-based photometric surface reconstruction approaches reveal small-scale surface detail but become inaccurate on large spatial scales. The framework proposed in this study therefore combines photometric image information of high lateral resolution and DEM data of comparably low lateral resolution in order to obtain DEMs of high lateral resolution which are also accurate on large spatial scales. Our first approach combines an extended photoclinometry scheme and a shape from shading based method. A novel variational surface reconstruction method further increases the lateral resolution of the DEM such that it reaches that of the underlying images. We employ the Hapke IMSA and AMSA reflectance models with two different formulations of the single-particle scattering function, such that the single-scattering albedo of the surface particles and optionally the asymmetry parameter of the single-particle scattering function can be estimated pixel-wise. As our DEM construction methods require co-registered images, an illumination-independent image registration scheme is developed. An evaluation of our framework based on synthetic image data yields an average elevation accuracy of the constructed DEMs of better than 20 m as long as the correct reflectance model is assumed. When comparing our DEMs to LOLA single track data, absolute elevation accuracies around 30 m are obtained for test regions that cover an elevation range of several thousands of metres. The proposed illumination-independent image registration method yields subpixel accuracy even in the presence of 3D perspective distortions. The pixel-wise reflectance parameters estimated simultaneously with the DEM reflect compositional contrasts between different surface units. Specifically, the detected variations of the parameter of the single-particle scattering function indicate small-scale variations of the regolith particle size, possibly as a result of differences in soil maturity.     

蒙脱土对炭/酚醛树脂复合材料性能的影响

为了提高炭/酚醛树脂复合材料的烧蚀性能,采用蒙脱土(MMT)对炭/酚醛树脂复合材料进行了政性研究.结果表明,有机化处理可使MMT片层的间距明显增大;处理后的MMT在酚醛树脂中的分散状念与MMT的含量有关.当酚醛树脂中MMT含量较低时,MMT主要以剥离的片层形式分散于酚醛树脂中,当酚醉树脂中MMT含量较高时,插层的MMT结构的含量增大;炭/酚醛树脂复合材料的层间剪切强度随MMT含量的增人而增人,在MMT含量达到8%后,趋于稳定.炭/酚醛树脂复合材料的烧蚀率随MMT含量的增大先降低,在MMT含量约为8%时达到最小值.随后随MMT含量的增大而升高.MMT对炭/酚醛树脂复合材料质量烧蚀率的影响小于线烧蚀率.     

铜基合金的双向形状记忆效应研究进展

综述了铜基合金有关双向形状记忆效应的训练方法、组织结构、训练机理及性能稳定性等方面的研究进展，并指出了有待深入研究的问题。     

有机基团改性SiO2 气凝胶研究进展

总结了有机基团改性SiO2 气凝胶的国内外最新研究进展,重点评述了接枝法和引入法改性SiO2气凝胶的原理、方法及材料性能特点,并对改性SiO2 气凝胶的未来进行了展望。     

基于形状记忆聚合物复合材料的双向形状记忆行为

为了解决当前大多形状记忆聚合物仅能实现单向形状记忆效应的难题，将TDE-86环氧树脂改性的氢化双酚A型形状记忆环氧树脂和以聚丁二烯为软段的聚氨酯弹性体相结合，制备了一种具备层合结构的形状记忆聚合物复合材料。该复合材料通过形状记忆环氧树脂产生的回复力与预拉伸聚氨酯弹性体产生的收缩力之间的平衡从而实现无应力下的双向形状记忆行为，即在90～110℃温度范围内，加热弯曲而冷却反向弯曲。结果表明：聚氨酯弹性体预拉伸量越大，材料在整个温度范围内的弯曲程度也越大；当回复温度在形状记忆环氧树脂玻璃化温度及以上时，材料回复程度较大；增加聚氨酯弹性体厚度会增大材料初始的弯曲程度，但会减小材料在双向形状记忆过程中的变形和回复程度。     

短切碳纤维增强环氧树脂形状记忆复合材料的制备与性能研究

为实现形状驱动能耗与复合材料力学性能的最佳配合，本文在热致环氧形状记忆聚合物基体中提高增韧剂新戊二醇二缩水醚（NGDE）含量来降低其玻璃化转变温度，同时添加短切碳纤维（SCF）来抵消由增韧剂引起的刚度降低负面效果。通过实验研究了不同NGDE、SCF含量对复合材料形状记忆转变温度、形状记忆性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，增加NGDE含量可将环氧聚合物基体的形状记忆转变温度从90 ℃降至43 ℃，其储能模量和弯曲模量也随之降低。在11wt%NGDE上添加SCF后，复合材料的玻璃态储能模量、橡胶态储能模量、弯曲模量最高可提高至原始试样的1.9倍、7倍和2.4倍。     

A hybrid chemical modification strategy for monocrystalline silicon micro-grinding: Experimental investigation and synergistic mechanism

For high performance manufacturing of micro parts and features, a hybrid chemical modification strategy is proposed to decrease critical energy barrier of mechanical removal of hard and brittle crystal material by refining localized machining condition. The strategy, namely UV-light and IR-laser hybrid chemical modification (UVIR-CM) strategy, includes two steps, an ultraviolet light (UV-light) catalytic advanced oxidation and an infrared laser (IR-laser) assisted selective modification based on Fenton liquid–solid reaction for monocrystalline silicon. The modification effects of UVIR-CM strategy were investigated by surface morphology micro-observation, cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, Raman spectroscopy analysis and nanoindentation test. Experimental results demonstrated that varied degrees of laser texturing appeared on different strategy samples’ IR-laser scanned area. And the IR-laser thermal damage has been successfully inhibited due to the refraction and reflection of energy by bubbles in liquid medium. But for the UVIR-CM strategy, a uniform and amorphous silicate layer is detected in a certain boundary. The UV-light promotes oxidation cycle ability of the chemical solution and ensures sufficient oxide modified layer for subsequent step. Attributing to synergism of photochemical, photothermal and kinetic effects induced by IR-laser, the modified layer displays layered structure with about 600 nm thickness, (2.7 ± 0.60) GPa nanohardness, and (93.7 ± 22.9) GPa indentation modulus. And the layered structure is amorphous layer, nanocrystal and micro-twins layer from the surface to the interior of sample. Consequently, it reveals that the subsequent mechanical removal will become easy due to decreasing energy barrier of monocrystalline silicon in selective area. Meanwhile, its original excellent mechanical properties also are maintained under a certain depth. The results contribute to develop a novel combined micro-machining technology to achieve collaborative manufacturing of structure shape and surface integrity for micro parts and feature.     

苯并噁嗪树脂的研究进展

苯并噁嗪树脂作为新型热固性树脂，已在电子封装、航空航天、轨道交通等领域开展了广泛应用。本文概述了苯并噁嗪树脂单体的制备、开环聚合机理，阐述了苯并噁嗪树脂在提高耐热性、增强韧性等方面的研究进展，介绍了苯并噁嗪树脂在预浸料、RTM等复合材料成型工艺中的应用，最后展望了苯并噁嗪树脂及其复合材料的发展趋势。