大型铝蒙皮蜂窝夹层筒段成型模脱模工装设计

分析了筒段产品和筒段成型模的特点,提出用脱模工装实现筒段产品和筒段成型模分离的思想。通过分析脱模工装的技术难点和脱模过程可能出现的状况,介绍了模具的设计和脱模过程。实践表明,此脱模工装结构合理,能满足筒段成型模脱模的需求。     

Design and analysis of a hypersonic inlet with an integrated bump/forebody

Numerical simulations and experiments showed that bump inlet had a remarkable effect on boundary layer diversion of supersonic flow.However, the design and analysis of bump in hypersonic flow was still few.In this paper, the mechanism of a supersonic bump inlet is introduced to the design of hypersonic forebody.A hypersonic inlet with an integrated bump/forebody is obtained by the Method Of Characteristics(MOC) based on a chin inlet.Numerical simulations show that the modified inlet achieves diversion of low-speed flow.Besides, the integrated bump/-forebody is also beneficial to inlet start.During the starting process, the shape of the separation zone is rebuilt by the modified forebody surface which makes spillage much easier.This new design leads to a reduction of the self-start Mach number by 0.95.     

火星着陆器抛背罩分离体气动特性

为便于火星着陆器抛背罩安全性仿真,针对火星着陆器简化外形开展了背罩分离的定常数值计算,分析了着陆平台与背罩之间的气动效应,获得了着陆平台与背罩的轴向力系数随分离间距的变化规律。结果表明：初始分离瞬间,由于着陆平台嵌入背罩内部,它们之间的压力接近驻点压力,随着分离间距的增加,背罩与着陆平台之间的压力逐渐由接近驻点压力慢慢过渡到接近底部绕流压力,至分离间距为0.1倍大底直径后,背罩一直处于着陆平台的底部绕流区。分离间距为0~0.06倍大底直径时,背罩的轴向力系数大于着陆平台,容易分离;分离间距为0.06~6倍大底直径时,着陆平台的轴向力系数大于背罩,存在分离后重新结合并发生碰撞的危险,且在分离间距为1倍大底直径时,着陆平台与背罩之间由于回流作用而产生的吸力达到峰值,此时发生碰撞的危险系数最大;分离间距超过6倍大底直径后,背罩的轴向力系数再次超越着陆平台,可以确保抛背罩安全分离。     

Effects of surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at low Reynolds number

The aerodynamic performance of compressor airfoil is significantly affected by the surface roughness at low Reynolds number (Re). In the present study, numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the impact of surface roughness on the profile loss of a high subsonic compressor airfoil at Re = 1.5 × 10⁵. Four roughness locations, covering 10%, 30%, 50% and 100% of the suction surface from the leading edge and seven roughness magnitudes (R_a) ranging from 52 to 525 μm were selected. Results showed that the surface roughness mainly determined the loss generation process by influencing the structure of the Laminar Separation Bubble (LSB) and the turbulence level near the wall. For all the roughness locations, the variation trend for the profile loss with the roughness magnitude was similar. In the transitionally rough region, the negative displacement effect of the LSB was suppressed with the increase of roughness magnitude, leading to a maximum decrease of 14.6%, 16.04%, 16.45% and 10.20% in the profile loss at R_a = 157 μm for the four roughness locations, respectively. However, with a further increase of the roughness magnitude in the fully rough region, the stronger turbulent dissipation enhanced the growth rate of the turbulent boundary layer and increased the profile loss instead. By comparison, the leading edge roughness played a dominant role in the boundary layer development and performance variation. To take fully advantage of the surface roughness reducing profile loss at low Re, the effects of roughness on suppressing LSB and inducing strong turbulent dissipation should be balanced effectively.     

Separation process of multi-spheres in hypersonic flow

The separation process of multi-spheres in hypersonic flow has been experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted in a shock tunnel at a nominal freestream Mach number of 6. Iron or acetal small light spheres with different sizes, varying from 2.38 to 6 mm, were considered. They were mounted by a thin wire. The trajectory of the spheres was analyzed using optical images. By varying the radius and the number of spheres from a single to multiple spheres, the lateral velocity and the separation behavior including the phenomenon known as ‘shock wave surfing’ were measured and analyzed. A new equation to account for the lateral velocity of the multi-spheres was proposed by extending the well-known Passey and Melosh’s theory based on two bodies. The theoretical results were compared with the presented experimental data and a good agreement was found. Using the derived equation, the re-entry trajectory analysis of multi-spheres, that is regarded as the hypothetical break-up, was performed. The ground footprint and downrange due to the separation of the multi-spheres were compared with that of single- and two-spheres. The results showed that as the number of spheres increased, the lateral velocity increased while the ballistic coefficient decreased. This led to a large discrepancy in the ground footprint as well as the downrange when compared to the single sphere. Caution should therefore be exercised in the trajectory analysis when the effect of separation induced due to fragmentation is not considered.     

粗糙度对超高负荷低压涡轮边界层影响

基于IET-LPTA叶型研究了被动控制中的粗糙度对分离转捩的影响,以寻求一种优化的粗糙度布置方式来减小叶型损失。研究以CFX数值模拟为主,对数值结果进行试验验证。主要考察了不同粗糙高度及不同粗糙度布置位置对叶型损失的影响,提出了变粗糙高度的优化布置方案,并使用间歇因子、位移厚度、动量厚度、形状因子、湍流度等特征参数分析了粗糙度控制分离的机理。研究发现粗糙度对减小叶型损失,推迟开式分离泡的出现有显著作用,同时变粗糙高度结合前缘至转捩点的布置方式能够更好地抑制分离,减小叶型损失。     

叶型对扩压叶栅角区分离的影响

为了在叶型设计阶段尽可能减小角区分离的可能性,用数值模拟方法研究角区分离形式对扩压叶栅气动性能的影响,以及叶型参数对角区分离形式和分离范围的影响。角区分离改变了吸力面的静压分布,静压沿叶展方向呈现出"C"型压力分布,与开式分离相比闭式分离加剧了吸力面的"C"型压力分布,闭式分离造成下端壁吸力面最低压力点后的流向逆压力梯度增加。分离降低叶栅扩压能力,增大损失,与开式分离相比闭式分离的气动性能降低更显著。研究结果表明:角区分离受叶型参数的影响较大,随着叶型相对厚度的增加、中弧线挠度增大、最大厚度位置后移吸力面最大厚度位置之后的型线曲率的变化梯度增大,吸力面最低压力点之后的流向逆压力梯度和吸力面展向压力梯度增大,进而增大角区分离范围,改变分离形式,由开式分离向闭式分离转变。     

一种多星分离的姿控联合仿真方法

现阶段仅依据多体动力学,难以准确分析和评估多星分离时含调姿过程的近远场分离过程。因此针对一箭多星任务的分离安全性设计需求,提出了一种姿控联合仿真方法,实现了近远场分离的实时调姿仿真。计算结果表明,该方法与专业弹道软件相比,计算误差不超过5%。同时为了进一步研究结构参数、动力学参数和调姿算法等变量对分离方案的影响,结合拉丁超立方采样和蒙特卡罗打靶法,优化了采样空间,从而可以快速分析变量偏差、采样方式对不同分离工况的影响,进而准确判定分离方案的安全性。该方法实现了参数的自动化设置,可有效提高仿真效率,能为一箭多星发射任务的快速论证及分离安全性设计需求提供有力支撑。     

Initial results of the evaluation of IRI hmF2 performance for minima 22–23 and 23–24

The performance of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) in predicting the height of the maximum of electron density (hmF2) has been evaluated for similar geomagnetic latitudes stations in the northern hemisphere (NH) and southern hemisphere (SH), and for the last two minima. As truth-sites, the digisonde stations of Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 288.5°E), USA, and Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E), South Africa, were considered. A monthly averaged diurnal variation was obtained from all the observations and model output in the months studied, and the corresponding difference was also calculated. For this initial study data from summer and winter in the NH and SH were selected for the solstice comparison, and October data for both stations were used to represent equinox conditions. The choice of these periods depended on data availability and quality. The results show that for the earlier minimum in 1996, in general IRI hmF2 values are in reasonable agreement with the observations. The exceptions are October and December in the SH, where IRI hmF2 tends to high, particularly on the dayside, and also July for which the daytime measured values tend to be larger than the IRI ones. For the recent minimum in 2008, IRI tends to over-estimate the hmF2 in most of the observations. The results support the general assertion that thermospheric temperatures were cooler during the last solar minimum as a consequence of an unusually low, and extended, minimum in solar extreme-ultraviolet flux, and in response to continually increasing long-term trend in anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The cooler temperatures not only decrease density at a fixed height, but also make the corresponding contraction of the atmosphere lower the height of the F-region peak.     

基于激光测振仪分离装置测量方法研究

针对目前采用的高速摄像测量方法存在误差较大与操作困难问题,提出了一种基于激光测振仪的新型测量方法,可以有效提高分离装置试验测量精度,为后续分离装置机构精确设计奠定基础。