液体火箭发动机涡轮泵系统多次启动的试验研究

为研制空间或高超声速机动飞行器的高空或空间多次点火启动工作推进系统,根据确定的推进系统主要技术要求,对长征火箭上面级发动机涡轮泵系统作适应性改进,进行了多次启动试验。试验结果表明,系统各次启动、稳态工作和关机正常,性能稳定,无漏液和漏水,试验参数匹配协调,并与理论分析结果一致。本文的改进方案可行。     

可压缩自由剪切层纹影试验研究

利用纹影成像技术,在新近研制的超声速剪切风洞中测出了可压缩剪切层的厚度增长率曲线,并捕获了其中的瞬时涡结构。实验对流马赫数分别为0.26,0.43,0.50,0.66,纹影光源曝光时间为200μs和10ns。纹影照片显示,随着对流马赫数增加,可压缩剪切层正则化厚度增长率显著降低,当Mc>0.66时,趋近于0.2。Mc=0.26和0 43时,可压缩剪切层中大尺度结构是二维展向涡,Mc=0.5和0.66时,大尺度结构呈现三维性而且不规则。     

双向阶梯式矩形板的自由振动

本文采用Reisaner—Mindlin一阶剪切变形板理论，得出n级双向阶梯式矩形板自由振动系统的总位能。通过Raylcigh-Ritz法，采用粱函数作为各种边界条件下阶梯式板的位移函数，求得阶梯式板的自振频率。     

LDV测近壁间歇反流

本文应用二维激光多普勒测速仪(LDV),对二元通道内近壁间歇性反流特征做了尝试性测量。最接近壁面的有效测点高度为0.3mm。文中给出了实验结果,并对影响LDV近壁测量的诸因素作了讨论。     

Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr合金的断裂形态和断裂韧性

采用单边缺口三点弯曲试样测定了Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的断裂韧性。还测量了拉伸性能和硬度。着重分析了裂纹形态和断口形貌。讨论了裂纹偏斜和分叉对裂纹尖端的屏蔽作用,分别计算了本征的和非本征的断裂韧性值。     

Nomex蜂窝夹层结构面内剪切性能试验研究

采用改进设计的像框试验对Nomex蜂窝夹层结构的面内剪切性能进行了表征测试与研究。试验结果表明,在像框的持续性剪切载荷作用下,夹层结构首先发生了板-芯界面脱粘,继而蒙皮在竖直方向上形成了巨大的鼓包和皱褶。随着剪切载荷的增加,夹层结构最终发生了横向的断裂。多次试验结果所得的低于3%的离散率也预示出面内剪切像框试验的有效性和准确性。此外,试样和夹具之间的固定程度是影响面内剪切像框试验的关键因素。仅采用螺钉进行固定的试样测试时,螺钉受拉力的移动直接导致了夹层结构边缘破坏,然而样件本身所受像框的面内剪切载荷有限,试验无效。     

风切变对飞机平飞特性的影响分析

利用对风切变的描述,建立微下冲气流工程化模型。随后根据建立起的风切变运动方程,对飞机穿越微下冲气流风场进行仿真,分析了风切变对飞机飞行性能的影响。     

Improvement of Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model for supersonic complex flows

Entropy represents the dissipation rate of energy. Through direct numerical simulation (DNS) of supersonic compression ramp flow, we find the value of entropy is monotonously decreasing along the wall-normal direction no matter in the attached or the separated region. Based on this feature, a new version of Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model (BL-entropy) is proposed in this paper. The supersonic compression ramp and cavity-ramp flows in which the original Baldwin-Lomax model fails to get convergent solutions are chosen to evaluate the performance of this model. Results from one-equation Spalart-Allmaras model (SA) and two-equation Wilcox k-x model are also included to compare with available experimental and DNS data. It is shown that BLentropy could conquer the essential deficiency of the original version by providing a more physically meaningful length scale in the complex flows. Moreover, this method is simple, computationally efficient and general, making it applicable to other models related with the supersonic boundary layer.     

压剪联合载荷作用下复合材料壁板屈曲及后屈曲性能计算与优化方法研究

复合材料壁板被广泛用于航空航天结构,在外部复杂工况下壁板通常会受到面内压剪载荷的联合作用,其屈曲及后屈曲响应直接影响此类结构的极限承载能力。为此,基于改进的Koiter摄动理论,提出一种能够快速精确地开展复合材料壁板非线性屈曲分析的摄动有限元降阶方法,然后计算获得壁板的屈曲/后屈曲性能指标,即非线性屈曲载荷、后屈曲承载刚度以及承载刚度残余系数,最后将摄动降阶方法嵌套到复合材料铺层优化的分析流程中,获得压剪联合载荷下各种屈曲/后屈曲性能指标的最优铺层信息。数值算例验证了所提出方法的高效性和有效性。     

Kappa distribution functions and the main properties of auroral particle acceleration

The problem of auroral particle acceleration is analyzed taking into account the filling of the magnetosphere by accelerated particles of ionospheric origin and the trapping of particles between the magnetic and electrostatic barriers. It is taken into account that kappa distributions describe experimentally measured distribution functions better than do maxwellians. The existence of conjugate field-aligned potential drops in the north and south hemispheres is suggested. Field-aligned potential drops are formed if the value of field-aligned current is higher than the threshold determined by the free gazodynamic flow of electrons along field lines. Results of experimental observations showing the possibility of field-aligned potential drop concentration in double layers are summarized. The theory of kinetic double layers is developed taking into account the nonmaxwellian forms of distribution functions. It is shown that the kinetic treatment and the existence of nonmaxwellian distributions lead to real changes in the criteria required for double-layer formation.