计入带电粒子入射角度对次级电子效应影响时航天飞行器的带电特性

本文采用由实验得到的带电粒子入射角度对次级电子的影响关系,根据轨道限制电流收集理论,导出了不同几何形体航天器的次级电子数通量表达式;并按局部电流平衡模型,计算了航天器背阴面的带电电位。结果表明,计入带电粒子入射角的影响后,航天器表面负电位的数值有一定减少。因此,在计算航天器表面带电时,应当考虑这种影响。     

LEAP-X发动机的创新性技术

LEAP—X发动机是CFM国际公司研发的新一代发动机，采用了许多先进技术。本文就LEAP-X发动机的先进技术创新做一概括性分析。供相关人士参考。     

扇环形截面弯曲管道内的粘性流动

本文利用涡量－流函数法系统地研究了扇环形截面弯曲管道内的二次流动，计算结果表明了采用控制体积积分法对涡量－流函数方程进行离散来求解弯曲管道内粘性流动问题是成功的，这样可以避免对压力项的处理；对所得结果的分析揭示了该二次流动不仅受雷诺数和曲率影响，而且扇形中心角、内外径之比对该流动的影响也是显著的。     

主燃孔位置对基于RQL高温升燃烧室流动与燃烧特性影响的数值模拟

为将富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧（RQL）用于高温升燃烧室设计，以实现温升与排放的良好统一，对不同主燃孔位置下 的单头部矩形燃烧室流动、淬熄区气流混合、燃烧和排放特性进行数值模拟。结果表明：燃烧室中心回流区的长度和高度随着主 燃孔轴向距离的增大而增大。随着主燃孔轴向距离的增大，主燃孔射流深度增加，射流角度逐渐向下游偏转，导致淬熄区内气流 的混合效果减弱；随着主燃孔位置的后移，富油区内的当量比显著增大，导致CO和碳烟的生成量迅速增加，淬熄区内的沿程高温 区域面积逐渐缩小，燃烧效率逐渐降低。当X/H=0.7时，燃烧室沿程NO生成量始终处在较大值；而当X/H=0.9时，燃烧室沿程NO 生成量始终处于较小值，但CO的生成量增大。     

Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide

The metabolic consequence of suboptimal (400 μmol mol⁻¹ or ppm), near-optimal (1500 ppm) and supra-optimal (10,000 ppm) atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO₂] was investigated in an attempt to reveal plausible underlying mechanisms for the differential physiological and developmental responses to increasing [CO₂]. Both non-targeted and targeted metabolite profiling by GC–MS and LC–MS were employed to examine primary and secondary metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Yocoro rojo) continuously exposed to these [CO₂] levels for 14, 21 and 28 days. Metabolite profile was altered by both [CO₂] and physiological age. In general, plants grown under high [CO₂] exhibited a metabolite profile characteristic of older plants under ambient CO₂. Elevated [CO₂] resulted in higher levels of phosphorylated sugar intermediates, though no clear trend in the content of reducing sugars was observed. Transient starch content was enhanced by increasing [CO₂] to a much greater extent at 10,000 ppm CO₂ than at 1500 ppm CO₂. The percentage increase of starch content resulting from CO₂ enrichment declined as plants develope. In contrast, elevated [CO₂] promoted the accumulation of secondary metabolites (flavonoids) progressively to a greater extent as plants became mature. Elevated [CO₂] to 1500 ppm induced a higher initial growth rate, while super-elevated [CO₂] appeared to negate such initial growth promotion. However, after 4 weeks, there was no difference in vegetative growth between 1500 and 10,000 ppm CO₂-grown plants, both elevated CO₂ levels resulted in an overall 25% increase in biomass over the control plants. More interestingly, elevated atmospheric [CO₂] reduced evapotranspiration rate (ET), but further increase to the supra-optimal level resulted in increased ET (a reversed trend), i.e. ET at 1500 ppm < ET at 10,000 ppm < ET at 400 ppm. The differential effect of elevated and super-elevated CO₂ on plants was further reflected in the nitrogen dynamics. These results provide the potential metabolic basis for the differential productivity and stomatal function of plants grown under elevated and super-elevated CO₂ levels.     

Secondary instability of separated shear layers

The process through which a laminar flow undergoes transition to turbulence is of great fundamental and practical interest. Such a process is hugely complex as there are many diverse routes for a laminar flow to become turbulent flow. The transition process is usually initiated by flow instabilities—a primary instability stage followed by a secondary instability stage. This forms a rational framework for the early stage of a transition process and it is crucially important to understand the physics of instabilities leading to turbulence. This article reviews the results of studies on secondary instability of separated shear layers in separation bubbles and summaries the current status of our understanding in this area.     

预先危险分析方法在航管二次雷达站运行管理中的应用

本文对预先危险分析方法作了简单介绍。重点研究了PHA在航管二次雷达站运行管理中的应用，找出了广汉机场航管二次雷达站运行管理中存在的危险源，采用定性和定量的方法从危险的后果严重程度和发生可能性两方面对风险进行了分析，提出了控制危险性的有效措施。     

喷射角对涡轮叶栅端壁气膜冷却的气动影响

在大尺寸低速平面叶栅风洞中,对前缘上游有单排气膜孔的涡轮导向叶栅端壁气膜冷却进行了气动实验。在喷射角25°,35°和45°以及吹风比1,2,3下详细测量了叶栅通道中的三维流场,得到了全速度和二次流速度分布,并由此计算了二次流动能的大小。着重研究了喷射角对端壁气膜冷却的气动特性和对叶栅通道中特别是端壁附近的流场结构的影响。数据表明减小喷射角度可以减小通道涡的强度和尺寸,使冷气射流核心更贴近壁面,但同时也明显地增大了壁面附近的气流速度。在高吹风比下,35°喷射时射流将冷气输运到压力边的能力比25°喷射和45°喷射都要强。     

探月返回飞行器跳跃式再入轨迹优化

基于节点自适应稀疏配点法,提出一种高精度求解探月返回飞行器跳跃式再入轨迹优化问题的方法.该方法的基本策略是:首先,应用节点自适应稀疏配点法对完整的跳跃式再入轨迹进行优化;然后,根据优化得到的控制变量对再入动力学方程进行数值积分;当积分至跳跃轨迹的最高点时,以积分得到的状态变量值作为新的初始条件,对二次再入轨迹重新优化....     

大转角透平叶栅叶片正弯曲的实验研究

在与大转角透平叶栅叶片反弯曲的实验研究相同实验条件下, 对大转角透平叶栅叶片正弯曲进行了实验研究。结果表明:在大转角透平叶栅中, 叶片正弯曲后同常规直叶片叶栅相比, 前缘涡、通道涡增强, 前缘涡的气泡型分离损失和通道涡的粘性耗散损失增加, 整个叶栅的通流能力下降8.8%, 质量流量平均总损失提高11.4%, 同时, 叶栅出口气流条件也进一步恶化。