某航空发动机环形燃烧室CO和UHC的数值计算

采用FLUENT软件对某型航空发动机燃烧室在最大和地面慢车状态进行三维、两相、湍流燃烧模拟,计算了CO和UHC的生成,获得了温度场、速度场和浓度场的数值。CO和UHC主要在低工况下生成,但油气比对污染物排放影响较大。     

一种带抽吸狭缝的新型短隔离段数值研究

为了缩短超燃冲压发动机隔离段长度以及提高它的耐反压能力,采用数值模拟方法研究了一种带抽吸狭缝的新型短隔离段,获得了隔离段的缩短程度以及耐反压能力提高的程度。结果表明,通过流向狭缝抽吸隔离段角流区内的低能附面层,可不降低隔离段耐反压能力而将其长度缩短30%左右。同一隔离段采用狭缝抽吸后,能够承受的最大反压从来流静压的3.46倍上升到3.74倍,提高了8%左右。合理的狭缝位置应在厚附面层一侧的隔离段前部角流区内,前倾角对隔离段性能的影响呈非线性特征,抽吸背压在亚临界范围时对隔离段性能的影响较明显,而在超临界范围时的影响则不明显。     

驻涡燃烧室凹腔温度变化规律及气量分配

通过对单双涡燃烧室进行热态试验研究,研究余气系数、进口气流参数对凹腔壁温分布的影响,并通过三维数值模拟对燃烧室及凹腔气流量进行计算,得到壁温分布规律,为燃烧室材料选择以及气量分配的后续优化做好铺垫.试验结果表明,单涡试验件的最高壁温出现在凹腔后壁面;燃烧室余气系数变化改变了双涡试验件最高壁温的位置;数值模拟结果比较准确的得到了驻涡燃烧室的气流量分布.     

H2O污染对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室性能影响的三维数值模拟

为了解来流污染对超燃冲压发动机性能的影响,需要大量的实验和CFD模拟。基于纯净空气和污染空气(H2O)来流下燃烧对比实验,采用较为详细的化学反应动力学模型(13组分33方程),对三个试验条件的燃烧室反应流场进行了三维大规模并行CFD模拟。模拟结果与对比试验测得的壁面压强比较接近,能"分辨"试验气体中H2O的污染影响。模拟结果显示,从燃烧室整体性能看,7.4%H2O和18.3%H2O污染导致燃烧室单位流量的空气对应推力分别下降4.1%和10.7%,而燃烧室燃烧效率分别下降5.5%和9.5%。     

Large-eddy simulation:Past,present and the future

Large-eddy simulation(LES) was originally proposed for simulating atmospheric flows in the 1960 s and has become one of the most promising and successful methodology for simulating turbulent flows with the improvement of computing power. It is now feasible to simulate complex engineering flows using LES. However, apart from the computing power, significant challenges still remain for LES to reach a level of maturity that brings this approach to the mainstream of engineering and industrial computations. This paper will describe briefly LES formalism first, present a quick glance at its history, review its current state focusing mainly on its applications in transitional flows and gas turbine combustor flows, discuss some major modelling and numerical challenges/issues that we are facing now and in the near future, and finish with the concluding remarks.     

非均匀流场中燃油浓度测量的试验技术

本文设计了在非均匀流场中,能同时测量其速度分布、浓度分布和温度分布的取样感头,建立了相应的测试系统,分析讨论了该系统的测量精度及其影响因素。在常温和高温气流作用下,测量了非均匀流场中燃油浓度分布、速度分布及温度分布。燃油浓度在常温时误差在±10％以内,高温时误差在±6％以内。     

超燃冲压发动机性能的准二维计算方法

为了能在双模态超燃冲压发动机流道方案初步论证中提供一种较快速的发动机性能计算方法,在二维N-S方程基础上,引入一维完全燃烧计算方法,提出了预估超燃冲压发动机性能的准二维计算方法.该方法能够计入激波、边界层分离等对发动机性能的影响,可在较短时间计算出整机推力、比冲性能和沿程热力学参数.通过对自由射流发动机计算,验证了此方法.并在此基础上,初步分析了燃料喷注位置和流道构型对发动机性能的影响.     

CFD predictions of LBO limits for aero-engine combustors using fuel iterative approximation

Lean blow-out (LBO) is critical to operational performance of combustion systems in propulsion and power generation. Current predictive tools for LBO limits are based on decadesold empirical correlations that have limited applicability for modern combustor designs. According to the Lefebvre’s model for LBO and classical perfect stirred reactor (PSR) concept, a load parameter (LP) is proposed for LBO analysis of aero-engine combustors in this paper. The parameters contained in load parameter are all estimated from the non-reacting flow field of a combustor that is obtained by numerical simulation. Additionally, based on the load parameter, a method of fuel iterative approximation (FIA) is proposed to predict the LBO limit of the combustor. Compared with experimental data for 19 combustors, it is found that load parameter can represent the actual combustion load of the combustor near LBO and have good relativity with LBO fuel/air ratio (FAR). The LBO FAR obtained by FIA shows good agreement with experimental data, the maximum prediction uncertainty of FIA is about ±17.5%. Because only the non-reacting flow is simulated, the time cost of the LBO limit prediction using FIA is relatively low (about 6 h for one combustor with computer equipment of CPU 2.66 GHz · 4 and 4 GB memory), showing that FIA is reliable and efficient to be used for practical applications.     

Scramjet尾喷管几何调节方案的计算与实验研究

高超声速飞行器飞行接力点和巡航结束点尾喷管冷、热态俯仰力矩差较大,给飞行器的飞行姿态控制造成严重影响。为了减小喷管冷、热态俯仰力矩差,提出了在喷管上膨胀面末端增加移动板进行调节的方案,并进行了详细的三维数值模拟和相应的风洞缩比冷流实验研究。计算结果表明,Ma=4.5时,调节移动板伸出400mm,喷管冷、热态力矩差最大减小21.74%,推力系数损失1.64%;Ma=6.5时,调节移动板喷管冷、热态力矩差可降低77.59%,而推力系数只减小1.35%,调节收益非常明显。最后通过将喷管各调节状态下的冷流缩比实验壁面压力数据与计算结果的对比,证明了该调节方案的计算方法及其结果是可靠的,同时得出该调节方案可以有效地降低冷、热态力矩差的结论。      

航空发动机燃烧室冷却结构的发展及浮动壁结构的关键技术

随着航空发动机燃烧室性能的提高,燃烧室火焰筒热防护问题显得越来越突出.燃烧室内采用浮动壁结构可以减小壁面热应力,改善火焰筒的受力状况.介绍了火焰筒冷却结构的发展历程,包括气膜冷却、多斜孔冷却和多孔层板冷却,并对它们的优缺点进行了阐述;分析了浮动壁冷却结构的发展状况、技术特点和在浮动壁结构基础上采用冲击/发散气膜复合冷却结构的效率;阐述了浮动壁结构的关键技术（材料、制造工艺和冷却结构特征等）;展望了冷却结构和浮动壁火焰筒在未来航空发动机中的应用.