一种基于时间差分运动检测的改进方法

本文提出了一种基于时间差分运动检测的改进方法。首先计算时间上连续的两帧灰度图像的差分图像；然后，将得到的差分图像通过低通滤波和二值化处理；最后，利用图像序列中的多帧灰度图像计算得到一组二值图像，通过对二值图像进行像素的算术运算，提取出运动目标区域。实验结果表明：这种方法是有效的。     

机场离港过程的仿真研究

以往对机场进离港系统运行的研究通常只停留在系统输出流量的分析上。提出一种基于离散事件动态系统理论(DEDS)的机场离港过程排队论模型，结合统计中的非参数检验方法确定模型的参数，实现离港过程的仿真。同时利用这种方法，对离港过程的各阶段进行分析，得出了在简化模型下各阶段的效率。     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

北斗星基增强系统双频多星座服务覆盖范围评估

双频多星座(DFMC)服务已成为星基增强系统(SBAS)未来能力提升的重要方向之一,相关国际标准也将在2023年11月正式发布。北斗星基增强系统(BDSBAS)是全球范围内唯一持续播发DFMC增强服务测试信号的星基增强系统。在详细介绍SBAS DFMC服务可用性和保护级计算方法的基础上,利用实测的BDSBAS B2a增强电文对BDSBAS DFMC增强服务的一类垂向引导进近(APV-Ⅰ)/垂向导航信标性能(LPV)和决断高度200英尺垂向导航信标性能(LPV-200)等级的服务覆盖率进行了初步评估。评估结果表明,当前BDSBAS DFMC增强服务能够实现对中国及周边广大区域的服务覆盖,且双系统(BeiDou navigation satellite system和global positioning system, BDS+GPS)增强服务的APV-Ⅰ和LPV-200等级99%可用性覆盖率比单系统(BDS)增强服务的覆盖率分别提升16%和32%。     

月球着陆器软着陆冲击仿真

为提高分析月球着陆器软着陆有效载荷着陆冲击响应的准确性,提出一种基于瞬态动力学的着陆器有效载荷软着陆冲击响应分析方法.根据着陆器全机结构柔性和月壤柔性对有效载荷着陆冲击响应的影响,参照某型着陆器,于MSC.PATRAN环境中建立着陆器全机柔性体模型及月壤柔性体模型,运用瞬态动力学仿真软件MSC.DYTRAN对着陆器软着陆有效载荷着陆冲击响应特性进行了仿真研究.仿真结果与试验结果具有一定的一致性.研究结果表明:使用该方法分析着陆器软着陆有效载荷的着陆冲击响应是准确有效的,能够比较逼真地模拟月球着陆器实际着陆工况.     

ETOPS特点与设计的特殊考虑

ETOPS广泛应用于远程、跨洋、极地的飞行。回顾了ETOPS规章的演变和应用以及ETOPS的特点,并从飞机设计的角度提出了ETOPS型号设计需关注的若干要点。通过多视角的回顾,更加直观地体现了ETOPS设计的内涵,可为ETOPS型号设计提供参考。     

美国高轨抵近操作卫星MiTEx飞行任务及启示

简述了美国"微卫星技术试验"(Micro-satellite Technology Experiment,MiTEx)计划进展情况,根据目前可获得的最新的MiTEx卫星轨道数据,对其整个飞行过程进行了深入研究,划分了MiTEx-A卫星与MiTEx-B卫星飞行阶段,描述了各阶段飞行轨迹,给出了飞行任务关键数据,对其飞行任务进行了总结。在飞行任务分析的基础上,结合国外对MiTEx卫星的相关报道,分析了MiTEx卫星可能具备的抵近操作任务执行能力,提出了对高轨非合作目标抵近操作应用的启示,总结分析了执行高轨抵近操作任务所需的关键技术。     

一种估算ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的方法

ETOPS时间限制系统的时间性能要求是飞机系统设计的重要输入,是确保飞机系统设计满足最大ETOPS改航能力的前提.结合工程经验以及ETOPS运行特点,提出了一种估算ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的方法.通过案例计算表明,航路温度和风对于确定ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的影响是明显的.提出的计算、分析方法可用于飞机设计阶段对ETOPS时间限制系统时间性能的工程估算.     

Introducing the law games: Predicting legal liability and fault in satellite operations

Over recent times there has been a rise in the number of objects placed into Earth orbit. With various countries licensing a number of large constellations, the orbital population is set to increase dramatically. A significant number of technical advances have facilitated this and, in the UK and elsewhere, this has been matched by the updating of legislation and an increased policy focus on the need for increased space surveillance and tracking. The rise of large constellations coupled with an increasing number of experimental techniques such as active debris removal or on-orbit servicing procedures means that establishing fault will be crucial if litigation is to be successful. In doing this, any legal proceedings will look at both norms of behaviour, deviation from which will point towards fault and the types and standard of evidence that will be required.This paper will outline these problems in detail. It will be proposed that what is required to map out the contours of liability are both codification of the norms for satellite operations and clarity on protocols for evidence gathering in cases where fault may be contested in orbital operations. This discussion will identify that a way in which this could be achieved is by the use of “space law games”. These are simulations, similar to military war games, in which fictional scenarios could highlight some of the key legal issues that might need to be dealt with. The paper will outline some of the ways in which the law games might work and pose questions as to what data and other considerations will be needed to make such simulations meaningful.     

A pre-generated matrix-based method for real-time robotic drilling chatter monitoring

Currently, due to the detrimental effects on surface finish and machining system, chatter has been one crucial factor restricting robotic drilling operations, which improve both quality and efficiency of aviation manufacturing. Based on the matrix notch filter and fast wavelet packet decomposition, this paper presents a novel pre-generated matrix-based real-time chatter monitoring method for robotic drilling. Taking vibration characteristics of robotic drilling into account, the matrix notch filter is designed to eliminate the interference of spindle-related components on the measured vibration signal. Then, the fast wavelet packet decomposition is presented to decompose the filtered signal into several equidistant frequency bands, and the energy of each sub-band is obtained. Finally, the energy entropy which characterizes inhomogeneity of energy distribution is utilized as the feature to recognize chatter on-line, and the effectiveness of the presented algorithm is validated by extensive experimental data. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect chatter before it is fully developed. Moreover, since both filtering and decomposition of signal are implemented by the pre-generated matrices, calculation for an energy entropy of vibration signal with 512 samples takes only about 0.690 ms. Consequently, the proposed method achieves real-time chatter monitoring for robotic drilling, which is essential for subsequent chatter suppression.