灰色系统研究进展（2004--2014）

从灰数及其运算、灰色序列算子与灰色预测模型、灰色关联分析与灰色聚类评估模型、灰色决策模型、灰色组合模型和灰色控制几个方面介绍了灰色系统理论2004—2014年的研究进展及部分应用成果。梳理了基于"核"和灰度的灰数运算法则、一般灰数的概念、灰度合成公理及缓冲算子的一般形式,总结了4种GM(1,1)基本模型,即均值GM(1,1)模型(EGM)、离散GM(1,1)模型(DGM)、均值差分GM(1,1)模型(EDGM)、原始差分GM(1,1)模型(ODGM),及其适用的序列类型。介绍了灰色相似关联度、灰色接近关联度、三维灰色绝对关联度,以及基于中心点和端点混合三角白化权函数的灰色聚类评估模型、多目标加权智能灰靶决策模型、两阶段综合测度决策模型、灰色博弈模型、灰色投入产出模型,并且阐述了分布型、中立型和中立-分布型灰色随机时滞系统的指数鲁棒稳定性等新概念、新模型、新方法。同时提出了有待进一步研究解决的问题。     

Launch and Early Operation of the MESSENGER Mission

On August 3, 2004, at 2:15 a.m. EST, the MESSENGER mission to Mercury began with liftoff of the Delta II 7925H launch vehicle and 1,107-kg spacecraft including seven instruments. MESSENGER is the seventh in the series of NASA Discovery missions, the third to be built and operated by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) following the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker and Comet Nucleus Tour (CONTOUR) missions. The MESSENGER team at JHU/APL is using efficient operations approaches developed in support of the low-cost NEAR and CONTOUR operations while incorporating improved approaches for reducing total mission risk. This paper provides an overview of the designs and operational practices implemented to conduct the MESSENGER mission safely and effectively. These practices include proven approaches used on past JHU/APL operations and new improvements implemented to reduce risk, including adherence to time-proven standards of conduct in the planning and implementation of the mission. This paper also discusses the unique challenges of operating in orbit around Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, and what specific measures are being taken to address those challenges.     

Reducing mission operations costs through spacecraft autonomy: the near earth asteroid rendezvous (near) experience

With a maximum time of 12 days out of ground contact and a round-trip light time as high as 56 minutes, The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft requires a moderate degree of onboard autonomy to react to faults and safe the spacecraft. Beyond the basic safing requirements, additional functions are carried out onboard. For example, on-board calculation of the Sun, Earth, asteroid, and spacecraft positions allow the spacecraft to autonomously orient itself for science and downlink operations. On-board autonomous momentum management during cruise relieves Mission Operations from planning, scheduling, and carrying out many manual momentum dumps. During development, additional operations, such as center-of-mass management during propulsive maneuvers and optical navigation were also considered for onboard autonomy on the NEAR spacecraft, but were not selected. The allocation of functions to onboard software or to ground operations involved tradeoffs such as development time for onboard software versus ground software, resource management, life cycle costs, and spacecraft safety.After two years of cruise operations, considerable experience with the NEAR autonomy system has accrued. The utility of some autonomous capabilities is greater than expected, others less so. Software uploads increased spacecraft autonomy in some cases, and the impact on Mission Operations can be assessed. Allocation of functions between spacecraft autonomy and ground operation during development of future missions can be improved by applying the lessons learned from the NEAR experience.     

落实科学发展观 全面推进陕西县域经济发展

县域经济作为国民经济的基础性单元,充满着活力,蕴涵着希望,在建设全面小康社会和社会主义新农村的进程中越来越受到社会各界的关注。通过对陕西省县域经济发展的总体现状阐述,以神木县为典型代表进行实证分析,提出陕西省县域经济发展加快几点建议。     

The statistical treatment implemented to obtain the planetary protection bioburdens for the Mars Science Laboratory mission

NASA Planetary Protection Policy requires that Category IV missions such as those going to the surface of Mars include detailed assessment and documentation of the bioburden on the spacecraft at launch. In the prior missions to Mars, the approaches used to estimate the bioburden could easily be conservative without penalizing the project because spacecraft elements such as the descent and landing stages had relatively small surface areas and volumes. With the advent of a large spacecraft such as Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), it became necessary for a modified—still conservative but more pragmatic—statistical treatment be used to obtain the standard deviations and the bioburden densities at about the 99.9% confidence limits. This article describes both the Gaussian and Poisson statistics that were implemented to analyze the bioburden data from the MSL spacecraft prior to launch. The standard deviations were weighted by the areas sampled with each swab or wipe. Some typical cases are given and discussed.     

On developing data-driven turbulence model for DG solution of RANS

High-order Discontinuous Galerkin(DG) methods have been receiving more and more attentions in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) because of their high-accuracy property. However, it is still a challenge to obtain converged solution rapidly when solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations since the turbulence models significantly increase the nonlinearity of discretization system. The overall goal of this research is to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) model with low complexity acting as an algebraic turbulence model to estimate the turbulence eddy viscosity for RANS. The ANN turbulence model is off-line trained using the training data generated by the widely used Spalart–Allmaras(SA) turbulence model before the Optimal Brain Surgeon(OBS) is employed to determine the relevancy of input features.Using the selected relevant features, a fully connected ANN model is constructed. The performance of the developed ANN model is numerically tested in the framework of DG for RANS, where the‘‘DG+ANN" method provides robust and steady convergence compared to the ‘‘DG+SA" method. The results demonstrate the promising potential to develop a general turbulence model based on artificial intelligence in the future given the training data covering a large rang of flow conditions.     

飞机战伤抢修评估与设计方法综述

飞机战伤抢修（ABDR）是提高飞机生存力与作战能力的重要手段之一，开展战伤抢修技术研究覆盖飞机全寿命阶段。回顾了战伤抢修研究的历史和现状，分别从战伤评估、战伤抢修设计、战场维修与保障等3方面总结了战伤抢修体系要点，重点综述了战伤抢修预评估技术、战伤现场评估技术、战伤抢修设计准则与原则、战伤抢修设计与评价方法、战场快速维修技术、战场保障方法等方面的理论与研究进展。在此基础上，针对未来体系对抗与智能化作战环境，结合目前战伤抢修需求，提出了包括先进材料结构飞机战伤抢修技术、直升机战伤抢修技术、飞机战伤评估智能技术等战伤抢修技术研究需要关注和解决的问题。     

科技成果推广价值评价指标

本文详细介绍了影响科技成果推广价值的技术因素、市场因素和推广因素，分析了影响科技成果推广价值的１２项评价指标。     

《管理学》案例教学改革思路

论述案例教学改革的意义,分析陕西科技大学《管理学》案例教学实施中存在的问题,提出《管理学》案例教学改革的思路。