鸟撞击载荷的冲量与时间因素的确定

为了预估叶片对鸟撞击的响应，首先要建立鸟撞击载荷模型。为此，需要确定载荷的冲量、时间因素及空间因素。其中时间因素包括加载持续时间及力一时间函数。本文介绍了鸟撞击刚性靶体时，确定其冲量及加载持续时间的一种理论计算方法。按正撞击与斜撞击、含切割过程与不含切割过程分别导出计算公式，并根据某型号发动机的有关参数给出计算实例。文中还介绍了一种无量纲形式的力－时间函数。该函数形式简单，且综合了计算分析与实验测量两方面的结果。以上内容均可供建立鸟撞击载荷模型时参照使用。     

某发动机一级压气机叶片抗鸟撞数值模拟

基于PAM．CRASH显式碰撞分析软件,建立了鸟撞发动机一级压气机叶片全尺寸有限元计算模型。计算分析了真实工况下鸟撞发动机叶片不同部位时鸟体及叶片的变形过程和动态响应。计算结果表明,鸟体被叶片切碎的大小及叶片变形程度与鸟体撞击叶片部位有关,鸟体撞击叶片根部时鸟体大部分从叶盘下通过,叶梢位移较小而叶根等效应力较大,导致叶片从根部发生断裂的可能性较大;撞击中部时,整个鸟体被叶片切碎后沿着叶片缝隙穿过,叶梢位移和叶根等效应力处于中等水平,对叶片损害不大;撞击梢部时,叶根等效应力很小,但叶梢位移很大,相临叶片发生撞击可能使发动机无法正常工作。     

发动机叶片鸟撞击瞬态响应的数值模拟

 简介了叶片鸟撞击瞬态响应的计算方法, 并采用接触冲击算法计算模拟了不同质量的鸟撞击单个、多个及整级叶片的瞬态响应过程。结果表明: 接触冲击算法能较为真实反映叶片鸟撞击过程; 不同质量的鸟撞击叶片时, 叶片变形与应力有较大的差异; 大质量的鸟撞击时, 必须考虑撞击区附近的局部塑性变形、叶尖位移以及叶根的局部塑性变形。研究结果对于进行我国叶片抗鸟撞击损伤设计具有重要参考价值。     

基于MCMC方法的运输类飞机鸟撞冲击能量研究

鸟撞冲击能量是运输类飞机结构安全设计和鸟撞适航条款制定的重要基础,目前我国运输类飞机鸟撞相关研究都是参照FAA中的鸟撞冲击能量标准要求,并没有考虑我国的自然环境等特点.针对这一问题,运用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)估计方法,采用Gibbs抽样原理,在贝叶斯理论的框架下,对我国运输类飞机鸟撞冲击能量开展了研究,在小样本条件下对鸟撞冲击能量概率分布进行估算,为后续鸟撞安全性分析提供了重要基础.     

鸟撞作用下的叶片丢失及包容数值模拟

利用MSC软件,建立了鸟撞航空发动机叶片转子级的有限元模型,采用流固耦合及接触算法,分析了鸟撞导致叶片破裂丢失以及机匣包容的过程,模拟了机匣结构特性差异及其影响.计算结果表明,质量(动能)较大的整片叶片丢失容易击穿机匣,并可能引起新的叶片丢失及包容性问题(二次损伤);而部分叶片断裂丢失的影响较小,一般不会击穿机匣,也难以引发二次损伤.整个过程复杂多变,运动、变形、破坏及能量交换等多因素并存.      

鸟撞受损叶片压气机气动性能仿真

基于研究鸟撞现象对压气机气动性能影响的目的，进行单级压气机的气动设计，分析了主要设计参数，并以此为基础，以原型转子叶片为模型进行鸟撞模拟，建立鸟撞损伤叶片模型。在周向上改变损伤叶片的数量生成不同的计算模型，进行全环的数值模拟，考察不同受损叶片数目对压气机气动性能的影响，分析流场细节，总结受损转子气动特性的变化规律。计算结果表明：受损叶片数量分别为1、2、3的压气机转子在设计转速下，气动性能和稳定性都有明显的下降，主要表现为最大效率工况的效率分别减小了1.37%、2.55%、3.57%，压比分别减小了0.19%、0.29%、0.40%，稳定工作的流量范围减小，稳定裕度分别相对减小了14.33%、25.69%、31.97%。     

Damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure impacted by a bird

On the windward side of an aircraft, the components with higher probability of impact with birds are the wing-type leading edge structures, such as the wing and tail. A study on the damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure under bird strikes was presented in this paper. First, a bird strike test was carried out on a wing. The principles of the bird strike test equipment and method were introduced in detail, including the bird strike test system, bird projectile production process and data acquisition system. The dynamic strain measurement results, the high-speed camera videos, and the final deformation and damage morphology observations of the structure were obtained. Based on the coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) - Finite Element Method (FEM), the commercial software PAM-CRASH was used to simulate the process of a bird strike with the wing. The good agreement between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results shows that the calculation method and the numerical model presented in this paper were reasonable. On this basis, wing-type leading edge structures can be designed by adding triangular support. The bird strike resistances of an original structure and improved structure were studied by numerical simulation. The calculated results show that the improved wing-type leading edge structure is less damaged than the original structure under bird strike. The improved leading edge structure satisfied the anti-bird strike airworthiness requirements, as the thickness of the triangular support was 1.2 mm, and the weight of the structure was reduced by 0.87 kg compared with the original structure. This indicated that the bird strike resistance of the improved structure is better than that of the original structure, and the improved design of the wing-type leading edge structure presented in this paper is reasonable.