采用流固耦合的实体元空心叶片鸟撞数值模拟

针对目前通用流固耦合算法在模拟实体元结构破坏上存在不足,以MSC.Dytran软件为平台,研究和验证了不考虑失效和考虑失效的实体元平板叶片流固耦合数值模拟方法;在此基础上,结合大涵道比航空发动机工作过程中较为常见且非常严重的鸟撞事故,建立了实体元空心叶片鸟撞瞬态动力学有限元模型并进行相应计算,结果表明:计算较好地模拟了叶片在遭受鸟体撞击后会产生巨大的瞬时冲击应力,以及叶片由此产生局部塑性变形.最后模拟了叶片遭受鸟撞发生失效的过程.      

Glare层合板的抗鸟撞分析

飞机结构的抗鸟撞性能对于飞行安全有着直接的联系,鸟撞事故一旦发生,对飞机结构、设备的破坏作用往往极为严重。针对Glare层合板材料进行了抗鸟撞分析,利用有限元方法,采用显式碰撞动力分析软件PAM-CRASH,对四种不同纤维铺层角的Glare层合平板进行了抗鸟撞仿真分析,比较选取了最优的纤维铺层角;设计了全尺寸的机翼前缘模型,对4/3和3/2两种构型的Glare层合蒙皮进行了抗鸟撞仿真。结果表明4/3构型的Glare层合蒙皮的抗鸟撞效果最好,该构型将被进一步应用于机翼抗鸟撞试验件的设计中。     

飞机副油箱液体晃动动力学分析

针对液体晃动重心变化对航空航天器、载液货船等载液系统运动及姿态稳定性的影响,结合某型飞机副油箱的晃振试验,采用光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法对该油箱进行了5个晃动周期的数值模拟。推导了任意时刻液体晃动重心的计算表达式,获得了晃动过程中的液体重心变化时间历程曲线,体现了周期性激励作用下液体晃动轨迹的周期性。     

Numerical simulation of a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by bird

In order to examine the process of a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by bird, a finite element model of a bird impacted on plate is developed with the explicit code PAM-CRASH. The smooth particles hydrodynamic (SPH) method is used to simulate the bird because of the SPH method showing no signs of instability and correctly modeling the breaking-up of the bird into particles. Good agreement between the simulation results and experimental results indicates that the numerical method of bird strike used in the present paper is reasonable. Then a rotary engine primary compressor impacted by three different configurations bird named straight-ended cylinder bird, quadrangular bird, hemispherical-ended bird are investigated using the numerical simulation method. It is found that the whole process of bird strike sustained about 3.5 ms and the bird is slashed by blade during the strike. The geometry configuration of bird affected the displacement and von Mises stress of some blades severely, just because the breaking bird’s mass is affected by the bird’s configuration. In the event of bird striking on the site of"up"some blades may develop plastic deformation and it is very adverse for the safety work of the engine.     

High velocity impact characterization of Al alloys for oblique impacts

This paper describes the experimental and computational analyses of a high velocity aluminum projectile impact on an Al6061-T6 spacecraft inner wall at different oblique angles. Al2017-T4 spherical projectiles of 5.56 mm in diameter and 0.25 g in weight were chosen within the velocity range of 1000±200 m/s due to the limitation of the light gas gun. The energy absorbed was calculated by measuring the velocities before and after impact on the inner wall. The energy absorbed by the wall and the remaining energy carried by the projectile helped to estimate the severity of further damage to inner components. Afterwards, validation was done by using the commercially available software LS-DYNA with a dedicated SPH. On average, a 10% energy absorption difference between experimentation and simulation was found. By using C-SCAN, the damage area proportion of the total inner wall to impact penetration hole area was found to be on average 6%, 26% and 53% greater than the projectile cross sectional area for the oblique angle impacts of 30°, 45°, and 60°, respectively. These findings helped to understand the relationship between the oblique impact event and the damage area on a spacecraft inner wall along with space debris cloud propagation and comparison with experimental results using LS-DYNA.     

空间碎片超高速碰撞数值模拟的SPH方法

利用光滑质点动力学SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)方法对Whipple防护结构在空间碎片超高速碰撞下的物理过程进行了数值模拟.在数值模拟中,为了充分发挥SPH方法和有限元方法FEM(Finite Element Method)的优点,利用有限元单元和SPH节点混合建模,将有限元单元和SPH节点(SPH nodes)通过定义接触条件相结合,在大变形和飞溅区域采用SPH节点建模,而小变形区域则采用有限元单元建模,从而大大节省求解时间,提高计算效率.计算结果表明,弹丸在穿透前板后,形成二次碎片,碎片云经膨胀和拉长,对后板造成轻微的损伤,这和文献的相关试验数据是符合的.利用SPH方法对空间碎片的超高速碰撞过程进行数值模拟,不仅很好地预测了Whipple防护结构的破坏情况,而且对整个碰撞过程,包括碎片云的形成、膨胀和拉长过程都有形象的描述,符合超高速碰撞的试验测试结果.     

SPH方法对气液两相流自由界面运动的追踪模拟

气液两相流动是自然界中常见的流动现象,对其进行数值模拟时要求必须能够准确跟踪界面运动变形。本文利用光滑粒子流体动力学方法,结合微可压缩模型(SCM),引入界面控制方法XSPH速度修正以及Van Derwaals状态方程修正,对典型的气液两相流动如二维溃坝、气泡上浮等问题进行了数值模拟,分析了空气和水相互作用机理以及界面运动规律,并同实验结果和其他数值计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,该方法在模拟多相介质界面运动问题准确有效,可用于处理更为复杂的多相流动工程问题。     

基于流固耦合的实体元空心叶片鸟撞数值模拟

针对通用流固耦合算法在模拟实体元结构破坏上的不足,以MSC.DYTRAN软件为平台,研究了不考虑和考虑失效的实体元平板叶片流固耦合数值模拟方法。在此基础上,建立了实体元空心叶片鸟撞瞬态动力学有限元模型,计算分析了叶片在稳定旋转状态下遭受不同密度、长度、半径及速度鸟体撞击下的叶片应力的瞬态响应,计算表明：上述参数值增加均会增大叶片的应力峰值,并且对应力峰值的影响都不是线性的。最后模拟了叶片的失效过程。     

直升机主桨叶的鸟撞有限元数值模拟

以某型直升机主桨叶为例,使用瞬态动力学分析软件(MSC.Dytran),采用先进的任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合算法,进行鸟撞过程的数值模拟.模拟结果表明:撞击过程中的最大应力达到199MPa,没有超出桨叶材料的屈服极限.研究结果为桨叶的抗鸟撞损伤设计提供了参考.      

Mass and performance optimization of an airplane wing leading edge structure against bird strike using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis

Collisions between birds and aircraft are one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. In this study, smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used for simulating the bird strike to an airplane wing leading edge structure. In order to verify the model, first, experiment of bird strike to a flat aluminum plate is simulated, and then bird impact on an airplane wing lead-ing edge structure is investigated. After that, considering dimensions of wing internal structural components like ribs, skin and spar as design variables, we try to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation simultaneously. To do this, bird strike simulations to 18 different wing structures are made based on Taguchi’s L18 factorial design of experiment. Then grey relational analysis is used to minimize structural mass and wing skin deformation due to the bird strike. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is also applied and it is concluded that the most significant parameter for the performance of wing structure against impact is the skin thickness. Finally, a validation simu-lation is conducted under the optimal condition to show the improvement of performance of the wing structure.