高比能量锂氟化碳电池在深空探测器上的应用试验研究

深空探测任务由于重量制约以及光照强度减弱等原因,可供选择的电源有限。锂氟化碳电池技术被认为是未来深空探测器电源潜在可行的选项。对锂氟化碳电池进行了比能量、比热容、发热量测试以及低温性能和贮存性能测试,测试结果表明:锂氟化碳电池高比能量优势明显,长贮存寿命满足了深空探测器数月甚至数年飞行期间自放电率低的需求,针对低温应用需求,采用复合电极有效改善低温放电性能,而针对锂氟化碳电池比热容、发热量的测试为电池热仿真分析提供了必不可少的数据支撑。     

二元风洞侧壁抽气孔板的实验研究

新研制的组合孔板造价低廉，夹层更换方便，用其作风洞壁画边界层控制，能消除风洞侧壁引起的翼面上边界层的分离，可有效地改善翼型绕流的二元性和半模的实验条件。     

地-月L2点中继星月球近旁转移轨道设计

位于地月L2点周期轨道的中继星将首次为"嫦娥4号"月球背面着陆探测任务提供通信中继服务。中继星转移轨道设计是中继任务实施的关键环节。针对中继星转移轨道存在转移时间、近月点高度和halo轨道振幅等约束条件,系统研究了基于月球近旁的地月L2点转移轨道设计方法。首先基于限制性三体模型,分析了halo轨道族与着陆点可见性关系;然后将月球近旁转移轨道分为地月直接转移段和地月动平衡点附近周期轨道拟流形入轨转移段,采用带有状态约束的微分修正算法对这两段轨道进行拼接,得到了从地球附近至目标轨道族的月球近旁转移轨道;最后,针对南族halo轨道分析了halo轨道振幅和月球飞越高度对转移轨道设计的影响,以及转移轨道的入轨相位分布。仿真结果表明:月球近旁转移轨道设计方案具备工程上的可行性与优越性。该方案可以为实际工程任务和应用提供参考。     

ZrB2 及其复合陶瓷的高温抗氧化性能

综述了ZrB_2及其复合陶瓷的高温氧化行为,认为ZrB_2陶瓷是一种优异的高温结构材料,其氧化失效是由于氧化产物B_2O_3保护层挥发失效而导致的;二元陶瓷ZrB_2-SiC由于SiC的加入,高温抗氧化性能大大提高,并对其在不同温度下的氧化物结构进行了阐述。在此基础上提出了进一步提高ZrB_2-SiC陶瓷抗氧化性能和服役温度的方法,并以添加TaC和LaB_6形成三元复相陶瓷为例进行了说明。     

Comparison of ionospheric F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 with IRI2001 at Hainan

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with quarter-hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS4 digisonde at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E; Geomagnetic coordinates: 178.95°E, 8.1°N) are used to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric variations and comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions. The data used for the present study covers the period from February 2002 to April 2007, which is characterized by a wide range of solar activity, ranging from high solar activity (2002) to low solar activity (2007). The results show that (1) Generally, IRI predictions follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2, especially in the summer of 2002. However, there are systematic deviation between experimental values and IRI predictions with either CCIR or URSI coefficients. Generally IRI model greatly underestimate the values of foF2 from about noon to sunrise of next day, especially in the afternoon, and slightly overestimate them from sunrise to about noon. It seems that there are bigger deviations between IRI Model predictions and the experimental observations for the moderate solar activity. (2) Generally the IRI-predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the experimental results, but there is a relatively good agreement in summer at low solar activity. The deviation between the IRI-predicted hmF2 using CCIR M(3000)F2 and observed hmF2 is bigger from noon to sunset and around sunrise especially at high solar activity. The occurrence time of hmF2 peak (about 1200 LT) of the IRI model predictions is earlier than that of observations (around 1500 LT). The agreement between the IRI hmF2 obtained with the measured M(3000)F2 and the observed hmF2 is very good except that IRI overestimates slightly hmF2 in the daytime in summer at high solar activity and underestimates it in the nighttime with lower values near sunrise at low solar activity.     

Mapping lunar surface chemistry: New prospects with the Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)

Surface chemistry of airless bodies in the solar system can be derived from remote X-ray spectral measurements from an orbiting spacecraft. X-rays from planetary surfaces are excited primarily by solar X-rays. Several experiments in the past have used this technique of X-ray fluorescence for deriving abundances of the major rock forming elements. The Chandrayaan-2 orbiter carries an X-ray fluorescence experiment named CLASS that is designed based on results from its predecessor C1XS flown on Chandrayaan-1. We discuss the new aspects of lunar science that can be potentially achieved with CLASS.     

A broad climatology of very high latitude substorms

Magnetic data from a newly commissioned Indian Antarctic station Bharati (corrected geomagnetic (CGM) coordinates 74.7°S, 97.2°E) and closely-spaced IMAGE chain observatories (∼100° magnetic meridian in Northern hemisphere) has been analyzed to study the climatology of substorms which were localized poleward of the standard auroral oval. We considered four austral summers (year 2007–2010) when data from Bharati was available. Several very high latitude substorms were observed in this duration when the solar activity remained unexpectedly low for a long time. Various features of very high latitude substorms, e.g., local time dependence, interplanetary state, hemispherical asymmetry and their nightside low latitude signatures are examined. Events studied here, suggested the following properties of substorms occurring at very high latitudes: (1) maximum occurrence was observed near magnetic midnight (21:00–02:00 MLT). (2) In contradiction to earlier reports, many substorms were observed even during negative IMF Bz condition. In addition, majority of substorms occurred during low or moderate solar wind streams. (3) Magnetic signatures were often pronounced in the winter hemisphere. (4) Even if widely used standard AE indices fail to monitor very high latitude substorms, their low latitude signatures are often evident.     

50吨级氢氧火箭发动机的设计与研制

系统性地回顾了长征五号运载火箭芯一级50t级氢氧火箭发动机YF-77的设计与研制历程。通过分析氢氧发动机的特点以及国内外氢氧发动机的发展现状,阐述了国内新一代运载火箭研发的技术路线和50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制背景;对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的总体技术方案及其特点进行了分析与总结,并在此基础上对发动机主要组件的技术方案及其特点开展分析;对发动机热试车情况、可靠性验证情况和故障排除情况进行了分析;对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制情况、技术特点进行了总结,并对国内氢氧发动机和液氧/甲烷发动机的发展进行了展望。     

新型低密度Nb-Ti合金抗氧化涂层制备及组织性能分析

针对新型低密度Nb-Ti合金抗氧化性能需求,开展了Si-Cr-Ti系抗氧化涂层研究,重点分析了所制备涂层抗氧化性能和微观组织在氧化前后的变化。结果表明,1 200℃下涂层寿命大于10 h,涂层抗热震性能良好;涂层与基体之间形成一层扩散层,保证了涂层的结合强度;在高温大气环境下,涂层表面生成一种隔绝氧气填补涂层表面空隙的玻璃质SiO_2层,因而具有良好的抗氧化性能。     

基于IRI-2012模型广州地区f_0F_2实测与预测的对比分析

利用广州台站(23.2°N,113.3°E)的实测数据和IRI-2012模型提供的预测数据,对比分析了2013年广州地区f_0F2的变化特征.结果表明,IRI-2012模型能够较好预测该地区f_0F_2的变化趋势,并且CCIR参数得到的预测值比URSI参数更接近实测值;预测值与实测值存在系统偏差,在11:00 LT-06:00 LT时段,观测值均比预测值大,其他时段则相反.在日落后至午夜前时段,预测值与实测值有较大差距.绝对偏差的极值点通常出现在20:00 LT左右,最大超过4 MHz.相对偏差变化比较明显的时段是午夜后至凌晨;在02:00 LT或04:00 LT及06:00 LT附近,可能会出现双误差峰值点,最大超过0.4;但在σ变化很大的20:00 LT附近,相对偏差却变化不大.夜间增强现象会使得偏差增大,导致预测值不能很好反映实测f_0F2的变化.