基于Otsu和FMM方法的风洞试验图像修复

各种光学测试技术在风洞试验中应用越来越广泛，图像中的破损或无关信息均会影响数据的处理和分析。以存在缺陷的风洞纹影图像为例，对数字图像修复技术进行了研究。根据缺陷离散分布、大小及形状各异，核心区域的灰度值较低以及边缘处灰度梯度变化较大等特点，将图像修复流程设计为确定待处理区域、缺陷识别和缺陷修复等3个步骤。前2个步骤使用Otsu算法进行图像的分割处理，然后使用快速行进方法（FMM）完成缺陷修复。经处理，纹影图像的缺陷被自动识别，并得到了减少或削弱，而且修复的信息客观合理。该方法可推广至其他光学测试技术的图像修复。     

Evaluating the statistical performance of less applied algorithms in classification of worldview-3 imagery data in an urbanized landscape

In recent decade, analyzing the remotely sensed imagery is considered as one of the most common and widely used procedures in the environmental studies. In this case, supervised image classification techniques play a central role. Hence, taking a high resolution Worldview-3 over a mixed urbanized landscape in Iran, three less applied image classification methods including Bagged CART, Stochastic gradient boosting model and Neural network with feature extraction were tested and compared with two prevalent methods: random forest and support vector machine with linear kernel. To do so, each method was run ten time and three validation techniques was used to estimate the accuracy statistics consist of cross validation, independent validation and validation with total of train data. Moreover, using ANOVA and Tukey test, statistical difference significance between the classification methods was significantly surveyed. In general, the results showed that random forest with marginal difference compared to Bagged CART and stochastic gradient boosting model is the best performing method whilst based on independent validation there was no significant difference between the performances of classification methods. It should be finally noted that neural network with feature extraction and linear support vector machine had better processing speed than other.     

地基光学图像中本体-帆板结构航天器姿态估计方法

提出一种利用地基光学图像估计空间目标姿态的方法。针对本体-帆板结构航天器外形结构特点，定义了一种不易遮挡的两轴结构特征，设计了地基光学图像中该特征的提取方法；根据航天器成像过程建立了特征点二三维几何投影方程，实现了航天器三维姿态的解算。利用单站序列图像，可获得航天器姿态变化角速度信息。在轨航天器的试验结果表明，本方法能有效地从地基光学图像估计出航天器姿态。     

High-performance altimeter Doppler processing for measuring sea level height under varying sea state conditions

This paper describes an innovative method for processing nadir altimeter data acquired in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, enhancing the system performances over open ocean. Similarly to the current SAR data processing scheme, the so-called LR-RMC (Low Resolution with Range Migration Correction) method, originally designed by Phalippou and Demeester (2011), includes Doppler beam forming, Doppler shift correction and range correction. In LR-RMC, however, an alternative and less complex averaging (stacking) operation is used so that all the Doppler beams produced in a radar cycle (4 bursts of 64 beams for the open-burst Sentinel-3-mode altimeter) are incoherently combined to form a multi-beam echo. In that manner, contrarily to the narrow-band SAR technique, the LR-RMC processing enlarges the effective footprint to average out the effects of surface waves and particularly those from small sub-mesoscale structures (<1 km) that are known to impact SAR-mode performances. On the other hand, the number of averaged beams is as high as in current SAR-mode processing, thus providing a noise reduction at least equally good. The LR-RMC method has the added benefit of reducing the incoherent integration time with respect to the SAR-mode processing (50 ms compared to 2.5 s) limiting possible surface movement effects. By processing one year of Sentinel-3A SRAL SAR-mode data using the LR-RMC method, it is shown that the swell impact on the SAR altimeter performances is totally removed and that an improvement of 10–50% is obtained in the measurement noise of the sea surface height and significant wave height with respect to SAR mode. Additionally, observational capabilities over the middle scales are enhanced potentially allowing the ocean mesoscale features to be retrieved and observations assimilated more usefully in ocean models.     

Inter-agency comparison of TanDEM-X baseline solutions

TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is the first Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mission using close formation flying for bistatic SAR interferometry. The primary goal of the mission is to generate a global digital elevation model (DEM) with 2 m height precision and 10 m ground resolution from the configurable SAR interferometer with space baselines of a few hundred meters. As a key mission requirement for the interferometric SAR processing, the relative position, or baseline vector, of the two satellites must be determined with an accuracy of 1 mm (1D RMS) from GPS measurements collected by the onboard receivers. The operational baseline products for the TanDEM-X mission are routinely generated by the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ) and the German Space Operations Center (DLR/GSOC) using different software packages (EPOS/BSW, GHOST) and analysis strategies. For a further independent performance assessment, TanDEM-X baseline solutions are generated at the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) on a best effort basis using the Bernese Software (BSW).     

基于旋转双光楔的像方扫描大视场成像光学系统设计

针对无人机传统外挂式光电载荷吊舱窗口尺寸大、无法实现大视场扫描需求的现状，提出了一种基于旋转双光楔的像方扫描红外大视场成像光学系统设计。该系统在传统像方扫描光学镜组基础上引入了双光楔扫描器，以增大系统的扫描视场角，解决了高速无人机目前面临的红外窗口有限且成像视场角小的问题。采用光学设计软件进行了仿真，设计后的光学系统物方视场范围为±21.665°，满足了大视场范围的工作要求。设计结果表明，在工作波段（3.7μm ~4.8μm）范围内，该系统的成像质量高，中心视场调制传递函数在33(lp/mm)空间频率下可达0.45，全视场范围内的调制传递函数>0.42@33(lp/mm)，像点能量集中度较好，接近衍射极限。与传统扫描光学系统相比，采用基于旋转双光楔的新型像方扫描成像光学系统设计，在保证各项设计指标不变的前提下，能够将光学系统的径向尺寸减少20%以上，可满足未来无人机实现轻量化和小型化的应用需求，拥有良好的应用前景。     

基于数字图像处理的温度场测量方法的研究

通过对示温漆的颜色温度特性进行分析,给出了一种基于示温漆的彩色图像处理和温度识别方案.该方法具有成本低、精度高等优点,具有工业推广价值.     

面向GPU快速处理的地面材质数据压缩方法 陆巍巍 1,徐涛2,徐珂文 1

为解决雷达图像仿真中海量地面材质数据的存储和加载问题,采用基于自适应最大行程长度编码和修正 偶对的压缩算法进行材质数据的压缩,从而有效地减少了数据的存储量,消除数据传输的瓶颈,提高了数据传输的 吞吐能力。压缩算法面向 GPU快速处理,得到压缩数据适用于 GPU进行快速解压。     

基于方向可控金字塔的图像融合算法

为克服传统正交小波变换在进行图像融合时存在的不足,提出了一种基于方向可控金字塔的图像融合算法。首先对待融合图像进行方向可控金字塔分解,对分解后的低频分量采用平均和选择相结合的方法进行融合,对各方向的高频分量则使用像素绝对值选大的规则进行融合,最后对融合后的低频分量和高频分量进行方向可控金字塔重构得到融合图像。仿真试验表明算法能够得到质量较高的融合图像,同时,熵、平均梯度和空间频率等客观评价指标也较平均法和基于小波变换的图像融合算法有所提高,是一种有效的图像融合算法。     

Quality assessment by region in spot images fused by means dual-tree complex wavelet transform

This work is motivated in providing and evaluating a fusion algorithm of remotely sensed images, i.e. the fusion of a high spatial resolution panchromatic image with a multi-spectral image (also known as pansharpening) using the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT), an effective approach for conducting an analytic and oversampled wavelet transform to reduce aliasing, and in turn reduce shift dependence of the wavelet transform. The proposed scheme includes the definition of a model to establish how information will be extracted from the PAN band and how that information will be injected into the MS bands with low spatial resolution. The approach was applied to Spot 5 images where there are bands falling outside PAN’s spectrum. We propose an optional step in the quality evaluation protocol, which is to study the quality of the merger by regions, where each region represents a specific feature of the image. The results show that DT-CWT based approach offers good spatial quality while retaining the spectral information of original images, case SPOT 5. The additional step facilitates the identification of the most affected regions by the fusion process.