无动量亏损尾迹的实验研究

采用尾缘吹气的流动控制技术,改善静子尾迹区流动.使用热线风速仪对静子尾迹区在不同吹气量下的轴向速度进行了测量,得到了在纯尾迹、弱尾迹、无动量亏损尾迹和射流这4种工况下尾迹区的轴向速度分布、中心点速度频谱图以及尾迹特征长度沿流动方向的变化.实验测量结果表明,无动量亏损尾迹和纯尾迹工况相比改善了静子出口速度的均匀性,并改变了涡脱落特性.无动量亏损尾迹特征长度与x0.35成正比关系,而纯尾迹时的特征长度沿轴向与x0.37成正比关系变化.     

圆柱绕流尾迹对壁湍流相干结构影响的实验研究

对边界层外区的圆柱尾迹流动结构对边界层近壁区相干结构的影响进行了实验研究.实验在低湍流度风洞中进行,将圆柱放置于yc≈1.1δ(δ为边界层厚度)处,利用热线风速仪分别测量了沿流向不同位置边界层内的瞬时脉动速度信号,并分别比较了位于x/d=1、2、3、4、5、10、15、20、30,y+=10~1000范围内的壁湍流相干结构条件相位平均波形及其统计特性.发现圆柱绕流尾迹对平板边界层内相干结构有明显的影响,圆柱绕流尾迹虽然使壁湍流相干结构从喷射向扫掠转变阶段的强度减弱,但壁湍流相干结构的发生概率增加,总体上促进湍流产生,使湍流边界层增厚,壁面摩擦切应力和壁面摩擦速度均增加,从而肯定了湍流边界层外层流动中产生的扰动与近壁区相干结构猝发的生成和发展有直接联系,壁湍流相干结构猝发是外区流动中产生的扰动与湍流边界层内区共同作用产生的这一结论.     

An adaptive integration surface for predicting transonic rotor noise in hovering and forward flights

In this paper, a new permeable adaptive integration surface is developed in order to evaluate transonic rotor noise in accordance with FW-H_pds equations(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface). Firstly, a nonlinear near-field solution is computed on the basis of Navier-Stokes equations, which is developed on moving-embedded grid methodology.The solution calculated through the present CFD method is used as the input for acoustic calculations by FW-H_pds equations. Then, two criteria for constructing integration surfaces are established based on the analysis of the quadrupole source strength and the nonlinear characteristic.A new surface is determined adaptively by the pressure gradient or density in a given flowfield,eschewing the uncertainties associated with determining cylinder-shaped integration surfaces. For varying hover cases, transonic noises are simulated with new integration surfaces for a UH-1 model rotor. Furthermore, numerical results of the new integration surface derived from the density perturbation value conform better to experimental data than results derived from the pressure gradient.Finally, the integration surface given by jrqj being 0.1, which is an applicable criterion obtained from hover cases, is used to predict transonic rotor noise in forward flight. The computational accuracy of the new integration surface method has been validated in predicting transonic rotor noise of an AH-1 model rotor at different advance ratios.     

柔性转子逆回旋振动特性的研究

论述了具有陀螺效应的柔性转子在各向异性支承条件下回旋振动的特性，推导出了转子在正回旋激励作用下产生逆回旋振动的条件，提出转子振动存在逆回旋带的概念，并举例说明了转子在整个转速范围和振动频率范围内回旋振动的特点，作出了逆回旋带的曲线图。     

Experiments on unsteady vortex flowfield of typical rotor airfoils under dynamic stall conditions

A new experiment for airfoil dynamic stall is conducted by employing the advanced particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology in an open-return wind tunnel. The aim of this experimental investigation is to demonstrate the influences of different motion parameters on the convection velocity, position and strength of leading edge vortex(LEV) of airfoil under different dynamic stall conditions. Two different typical rotor airfoils, OA209 and SC1095, are measured at different free stream velocities, oscillation frequencies, and angles of attack. It is demonstrated by the measured data that the airfoil with larger leading edge radius could notably decrease the strength of LEV. The angle of attack(Ao A) of airfoil can obviously influence the dynamic stall characteristics of airfoil,and the LEV would be effectively inhibited by decreasing the mean pitch angle. In addition, the convection velocity of LEV is estimated in this measurement, and the results demonstrate that the influence of airfoil shape on convection velocity of LEV is limited, but the convection velocity of LEV would be increased by enlarging the oscillation frequency. Meanwhile, the convection velocity of LEV is a time variant value, and this value would increase as the LEV convects to the trailing edge of airfoil.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子高频自激振动的抑制

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺（CMG）中转子一阶弹性模态自激振动是影响磁悬浮高速转子系统稳定性的关键因素之一.自激振动通常可以采用陷波器（NF）进行抑制,然而引入NF或改变其参数以及转子转速的变化均会改变模态自激频率,因而难以直接准确地确定NF参数.本文提出一种仿真确定NF参数的方法,通过转子弹性模态缩减建模和模态参数确定得到准确的弹性转子动力学模型,进而采用闭环仿真优化确定NF中心频率和极点阻尼.采用该方法设计的NF有效抑制了转子的高频弹性模态自激振动,使得磁悬浮CMG转子可以稳定升速到24000r/min.实验结果验证了该方法的实用性和有效性.     

RECAT间隔标准的差异性对比与计算分析

尾流是影响机场容量的重要因素之一,在保证安全前提下缩减尾流间隔能增加机场繁忙时刻航空器进离场架次,进而提高机场容量.美国和欧洲提出尾流标准重新分类(RECAT)概念,并在一些机场试运行,取得良好效果.基于国内某机场一周内航空器起降机型架次,将其重新分类,对比在现行ICAO和RECAT标准下的加权尾流间隔,证明在RECAT标准下尾流间隔将会缩减.通过改变不同航空器机型占比,分析机场容量变化,得出机场容量随航空器占比变化明显,对空管安全运行和机场及跑道运行效率提高具有实际参考价值.     

Numerical study on flow control of ship airwake and rotor airload during helicopter shipboard landing

A numerical study on flow control of ship airwake during shipboard landing is carried out to address the effect of flow control devices on helicopter rotor airload. The in-house Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) based solver Rotorcraft AeroDynamics and Aeroacoustics Solver (RADAS), with combination of momentum source approach is employed to conduct the helicopter shipboard landing simulation. The control effects of three aerodynamic modifications of ship superstructure, i.e. ramp, notch and flap, in different Wind-Over-Deck (WOD) conditions are discussed. From the steady simulation results, the effect of spatial variation of ship airwake on rotor airloads is concluded. The aerodynamic modifications reduce the strength of shedding vortex and increase rotor normal force through delaying and relieving flow separation, and therefore are beneficial to alleviate the limitation of control inputs. By contrast, the perturbation of unsteady ship airwake can cause the serious oscillation of rotor forces during shipboard landing. The unsteady simulations show that the turbulence intensity of ship airwake and oscillatory rotor airloading, represented by Root-Mean-Square (RMS) loading, can be remarkably reduced by the ramp and notch modifications, while the flap modification has adverse effect. It means that flow control devices have large potential benefits to alleviate the pilot’s workload and improve the shipboard landing safety, but they should be well designed to avoid the introduction of more vortex, which leads to increase in disturbance of flow field.     

Interference-free wind tunnel testing of jet propelled missiles

Wind tunnel evaluation of the aerodynamic interaction effects between plume and the external flow past the missile body including the wake boundary (“slipstream”) over powered flight envelopes of rocket propelled vehicles can be greatly facilitated — or even made possible — by a methodology replacing the hot propellant by cold, inert gases. Model nozzle design is based on the second order matching of plume geometry and first order modeling of plume stiffness. Since modeled nozzles will have larger throat radii than the prototypes, one can use sting-supported, sting-fed model installations thus eliminating aerodynamic interference effects due to struts. The concepts of simulated altitude and simulated full-scale Reynolds Number greatly reduce wind tunnel occupancy time. Computer programs, covering all steps of evaluating prototype nozzle performance, model sting nozzle design, model test evaluation and interpretation have been developed. The modeling methodology is supported by experimental results obtained in an induction wind tunnel at the FFA, Bromma, Sweden and in the 16 T and VKF-A altitude tunnels at AEDC, Tullahoma, Tenn.     

桥塔尾流致塔周长吊索涡振性能研究

悬索桥桥塔周围的长吊索自振频率较低,且易受桥塔尾流的干扰从而容易发生振动。吊索的安全直接关系着桥梁结构的安全,以实际工程为背景,采用CFD数值模拟方法并选择SST k-ω湍流模型对二维桥塔断面及吊索断面的非定常绕流进行了分析。首先,计算了桥塔和吊索各自的气动特性,并与相关文献的结果进行了对比。在验证分析方法可靠性的基础上,进一步研究了不同来流风速、风向角下,桥塔尾流对塔周长吊索气动特性的干扰。通过对流场特征及吊索气动力的变化规律进行分析,研究了桥塔尾流作用下塔周长吊索发生涡振的可能性。研究结果表明:在相当大的风向角范围内,桥塔脱落的旋涡会对吊索气动特性产生控制作用,从而导致吊索阻力系数和升力系数的变化频率等于桥塔的旋涡脱落频率,使吊索在低风速下存在发生涡激共振的可能性。