复杂结构振动的一种超单元简化分析

本文提出了一种建立在常规有限元模型上的超单元分析方法,对复杂结构的振动分析进行降阶简化处理。这种方法是把结构重新以超单元形式划分,在超单元内部采用了简化的动减缩方法;边界上则采用局部位移场重新插值方法,或采用局部刚化的方法。由超单元组装得到的总体矩阵仍具有对称、稀疏等性质,得到的动力学方程仍具有常规形式。这种超单元分析方法不但大大降低了求解模型的阶次,扩大了求解能力,而且易于编程,求解方便。文中还通过摄动分析讨论了内部模态截取准则,以保证求解的有效性和可靠性。数值算例表明,本文方法是很有效的,且具有较高的求解精度。     

主、被动振动控制一体化理论及技术(Ⅲ)--杂交阻尼

本文是系列讲座的第三篇,以智能材料组成的杂交阻尼为主,介绍有关杂交阻尼的研究成果。对杂交阻尼进行了分类,讨论和比较了各种类型的杂交阻尼,包括:阻尼层结构的配置、主动和可控约束层阻尼板的建模及性能比较;电流变和磁流变阻尼的基本概念及其在振动控制中的应用;可控压电传感阻尼的机理及存在的问题。讨论了杂交阻尼在航天结构中的应用前景及其主要研究课题。     

大型火箭振动试验振型斜率测试方法

讨论了在火箭固有振动频率下测量振型斜率的几种计算和测试方法，分析了影响振型斜率测量和符号误判的误差源，提出了按秒状态变化进行振型斜率修正的最小二乘曲线拟合法。研究表明，以参照点陀螺信号为基准计算相位角，可以避免相位符号的误判。这一改进对于以相位符号作为稳定性判别准则的控制系统来说是至关重要的。     

逐次逼近摄动法及其在力学中的应用

提出逐次逼近摄动法，将预估的零级近似解逐渐加以修正，使之逐渐逼近于其真实解。有非线性问题的算例。算例表明，解法的精度和其它奇异摄动解法（如L—P法）的基本相同，但方法允许进行一次选代，使其精度更加提高。按照方法，可求得任一级近似解，其精度逐级提高，计算过程也很简便。     

Lock-in phenomenon of tip clearance flow and its influence on aerodynamic damping under specified vibration on an axial transonic compressor rotor

In this study, the lock-in phenomenon of Tip Clearance Flow(TCF) instabilities and their relationship to blade vibration are investigated numerically on an axial transonic rotor with a large tip clearance. The capabilities of simulating instability flow and lock-in phenomenon are verified on a transonic rotor and a NACA0012 airfoil by comparing with the test data, respectively.The lock-in phenomenon is first numerically confirmed that may occur to TCF instabilities when its frequency is close to...     

Experiments on unsteady vortex flowfield of typical rotor airfoils under dynamic stall conditions

A new experiment for airfoil dynamic stall is conducted by employing the advanced particle image velocimetry(PIV) technology in an open-return wind tunnel. The aim of this experimental investigation is to demonstrate the influences of different motion parameters on the convection velocity, position and strength of leading edge vortex(LEV) of airfoil under different dynamic stall conditions. Two different typical rotor airfoils, OA209 and SC1095, are measured at different free stream velocities, oscillation frequencies, and angles of attack. It is demonstrated by the measured data that the airfoil with larger leading edge radius could notably decrease the strength of LEV. The angle of attack(Ao A) of airfoil can obviously influence the dynamic stall characteristics of airfoil,and the LEV would be effectively inhibited by decreasing the mean pitch angle. In addition, the convection velocity of LEV is estimated in this measurement, and the results demonstrate that the influence of airfoil shape on convection velocity of LEV is limited, but the convection velocity of LEV would be increased by enlarging the oscillation frequency. Meanwhile, the convection velocity of LEV is a time variant value, and this value would increase as the LEV convects to the trailing edge of airfoil.     

Vibration suppression of thin-walled workpiece machining considering external damping properties based on magnetorheological fluids flexible fixture

Milling of the thin-walled workpiece in the aerospace industry is a critical process due to the high flexibility of the workpiece. In this paper, a flexible fixture based on the magnetorheological(MR) fluids is designed to investigate the regenerative chatter suppression during the machining.Based on the analysis of typical structural components in the aerospace industry, a general complex thin-walled workpiece with fixture and damping constraint can be equivalent as a rectangular cantilever beam. On the basis of the equivalent models, natural frequency and mode shape function of the thin-walled workpiece is obtained according to the Euler–Bernoulli beam assumptions. Then,the displacement response function of the bending vibration of the beam is represented by the product of all the mode shape function and the generalized coordinate. Furthermore, a dynamic equation of the workpiece-fixture system considering the external damping factor is proposed using the Lagrangian method in terms of all the mode shape function and the generalized coordinate, and the response of system under the dynamic cutting force is calculated to evaluate the stability of the milling process under damping control. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are validated by the impact hammer experiments and several machining tests.     

被动阻尼减振技术及数控加工应用

切削颤振导致工件加工表面质量恶化、切削效率降低以及刀具磨损加剧等系列危害.抑制颤振对航空制造业实现高质、高效加工有重要意义,尤其是在薄壁件加工时.作为工程领域振动抑制的一种重要方法,被动阻尼减振技术实施简单、效果明显、可靠性较高,在切削领域的应用正逐渐得到重视.     

大型桥式机床立柱不同材料的特性分析

采用数值计算方法,比较了混凝土、铸铁和钢3种不同材料立柱的静载抗压能力以及冲击力下的瞬态响应,分析数据表明,钢立柱具有最好的承压能力,在相同压力下静变形最小;由于阻尼的原因,混凝土立柱的振幅受到明显限制,冲击力作用下振动衰减的较快,在更加关注减振性能的高速高性能加工领域,采用混凝土立柱是更好的选择.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子高频自激振动的抑制

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺（CMG）中转子一阶弹性模态自激振动是影响磁悬浮高速转子系统稳定性的关键因素之一.自激振动通常可以采用陷波器（NF）进行抑制,然而引入NF或改变其参数以及转子转速的变化均会改变模态自激频率,因而难以直接准确地确定NF参数.本文提出一种仿真确定NF参数的方法,通过转子弹性模态缩减建模和模态参数确定得到准确的弹性转子动力学模型,进而采用闭环仿真优化确定NF中心频率和极点阻尼.采用该方法设计的NF有效抑制了转子的高频弹性模态自激振动,使得磁悬浮CMG转子可以稳定升速到24000r/min.实验结果验证了该方法的实用性和有效性.