直升机飞行/推进系统综合模型的建立

利用递阶,分散的控制思想,将直升机对象划分为三个具有独立功能,便于建模的子系统,即直升机,旋翼,发动机子系统,再在各子系统模型基础上根据各子系统间的耦合关系,建立了整个系统的模型。其中四片铰接式旋翼模型起着纽带作用,只有充分考虑机体／旋翼及发动机／旋翼间耦合关系才能建立直升机飞行／推进综合模型,仿真结果证明了建模方法的有效性,为直升机飞行／推进综合控制系统的建立奠定了基础。     

大小叶片轴流压气机转子流动特性分析

采用全三维粘性数值模拟手段，通过与按常规设计转子对比的方法，分析研究了大小叶片轴流压气机转子流动特性，分析结果表明，大小叶片转子流场在叶根亚声速区的流通能力增强，在叶尖跨声速区可以产生更加有利的激波体系，小叶片可以有效地控制叶栅槽道中气流扩散，在较高负荷和相同喘振裕度的条件下，大小叶片转子可以比按常规设计的转子在更高的压比，效率和流量下工作。     

Panel/full-span free-wake coupled method for unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blade

A full-span free-wake method is coupled with an unsteady panel method to accurately predict the unsteady aerodynamics of helicopter rotor blades in hover and forward flight. The unsteady potential-based panel method is used to consider aerodynamics of finite thickness multi-bladed rotors, and the full-span free-wake method is applied to simulating dynamics of rotor wake. These methods are tightly coupled through trailing-edge Kutta condition and by converting doublet-wake panels to full-span vortex filaments. A velocity-field integration technique is also adopted to overcome singularity problem during the interaction between the rotor wake and blades. Helicopter rotors including Caradonna-Tung, UH-60A, and AH-1G rotors, are simulated in hover and forward flight to validate the accuracy of this approach. The predicted aerodynamic loads of rotor blades agree well with available measured data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, and the unsteady dynamics of rotor wake is also well simulated. Compared to CFD, the present method obtains accurate results more efficiently and is suitable to rotorcraft aeroelastic analysis.     

叶根缘板过渡处特征模拟件双轴弯曲振动疲劳试验研究

摘要：针对转子叶片叶根缘板过渡处高应力比弯曲振动疲劳问题,采用转子叶片结构细节刻画方法设计了特征模拟件,实现了对叶根缘板过渡特征的几何刻画和应力分布模拟。基于模态差异化方法,设计了试验夹具及调频质量块。搭建了模拟件双轴弯曲振动试验系统,试验过程中试样处于高频弯曲振动状态下（>1kHz）,测得的试样考核点弯曲应变幅稳定,所搭建试验系统实现了轴向拉伸-高频弯曲振动的转子叶片典型双轴载荷施加。试样宏观断裂位置与有限元计算最大应力点一致,对断口进行了宏/微观分析确定了试样断口疲劳源与裂纹扩展特征,证明采用结构细节刻画方法进行试样设计的合理性及所搭建试验加载系统可行性。     

风扇转子的气动优化设计研究

风扇转子气动优化设计是结合CFD、遗传算法和风扇特性的跨学科自动设计方法,这种设计较少依赖经验,能实现多目标和多设计参数组合的优化设计。先研究了四个关键技术：具有耗时少、计算较准确的叶片通道流场数值计算方法;具有良好寻优能力的数值最优化方法;三维叶片造型的参数化方法;以气动性能为目标的多目标函数构建方法。再将上述四个关键技术模块整合,构建简易的气动优化设计软件。三维叶片优化算例证明了该软件的设计能力,其设计结果较满意、设计效率较高、设计周期短。     

采用综合气弹分析方法的旋翼非定常气动载荷计算

提出一种桨叶结构、气动和惯性耦合的旋翼系统综合分析方法，将桨叶绕挥舞、摆振及变距铰的刚性转角作为广义坐标，计入了桨叶整体运动和自身中等弹性变形之间的动力学耦合效应，桨叶弹性变量通过有限元法进行离散，翼型剖面气动力采用Leishman—Beddoes二维非定常和动态失速模型，由自由尾迹模型得出桨盘的非均匀入流，依据柔性多体系统动力学方法推早出桨叶前飞状态下的非线性周期时变动力学方程。对Newmark隐式数值积分方法进行改进，用于求解旋翼桨叶的响应。以法国SA349／2小羚羊直升机的试飞测试数据为依据，验证了方法的有效性。     

Effects of swirl brake axial arrangement on the leakage performance and rotor stability of labyrinth seals

Swirl brakes are usually introduced at the seal entrance in industry to improve the seal stability, especially for labyrinth seals suffering low seal clearance and high inlet preswirl ratio. However, how to arrange swirl brakes at the seal entrance to obtain better seal stability retains unknown, such as the axial distance between the brake trailing edge and the first tooth. To this end, the effects of the distance between brakes and the first tooth on the leakage flow rate and seal rotordynamic coefficients were numerically investigated at typical inlet preswirl ratios of 0.45 and 0.8, and the predicted results were in comparison with the results for no-brake configuration. The obtained results disclose that the brake configuration arranged against the first tooth produces lower circumferential velocity in the downstream of the brakes as a result of the larger counter-clockwise vortex moving from the brake trailing edge to the brake leading edge when compared to the brake configuration away from the first tooth. Besides, the dropped circumferential velocity in the downstream of brakes will cause larger pressure fluctuation in the circumferential direction and thus generates larger tangential force to restrain the rotor forward whirl. On the other hand, the effective damping is further increased when the distance between brakes and the first tooth decreases to zero, that is, the crossover frequency is even disappeared at the inlet preswirl ratio of 0.45 and successfully drops from 69.9 Hz to 32.7 Hz at the preswirl ratio of 0.8.     

卫星大型旋转载荷动平衡控制应用研究

卫星携带的转动体的动不平衡对星体产生非期望的干扰力矩,进而影响卫星姿态,为此在卫星高品质运动控制中必须对转动体的动平衡特性进行控制。本文在建立卫星多挠性体姿态动力学模型的同时,分析了动平衡检测在转动体残余干扰力矩分析中的应用,提出了大型旋转载荷动平衡控制方法和流程,最后通过实际工程应用情况,验证了该动平衡控制方法和流程的实用性和有效性。     

对转双转子系统临界转速求解方法的改进与对比

为解决对转双转子航空发动机临界转速求解的难题,满足转子动力学设计需求,结合商业有限元软件,给出直接法和完全法两种临界转速求解方法,并结合算例详细论述了方法的理论基础和求解过程,最终以谐响应分析结果加以验证.研究结果表明:基于商业有限元软件特征值分析的完全法不需要任何振型信息,就可对正反进动曲线进行区分,极大简化了对转双...     

航空发动机高压转子试验模型的动力学相似设计

为了获得能够替代航空发动机转子原型进行动力学试验的模型，提出了发动机转子系统试验模型的动力学相似设计方法。采用相似理论推导了转子系统缩比模型的动力学相似准则，继而建立缩比模型与原型的动力学相似关系。通过动力学优化方法对转子缩比模型的动力学等效模型进行修正，目标函数由固有频率、临界转速和振型组成。以双转子发动机高压转子系统的动力学相似设计为例，通过有限元仿真对设计方法的有效性进行了验证。结果表明，在设计转速范围内，动力学相似模型与原型的前两阶临界转速相似误差分别为3.92%和0.86%，对应振型的相关性均大于0.98，且模型与原型的模态应变能分布基本一致。通过该方法获得的动力学相似模型能够较好地预测原型的动力学特性，并有效降低模型试验的成本和难度。